Felbridge & District History Group

Shaws and Hodgehorn Farms

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Shaws and Hodgehorne Farms lay at the Southern end of Tandridge Parish, they abut each other and are bounded by the east and west boundaries of Tandridge which is only two fields wide in the southern section. In the 1845 Tithe apportionment[1] they had a combined area of 314 acres which is a considerable size for two farms in this area. An estate map of 1762[2] states Shaws was 202 acres and Hodgehorne was 111 acres thus the total size had remained unchanged since the mid 18^th century.

This paper will cover the early history of the area and then the late medieval period before splitting to cover the combined ownership of the two properties until the early 20^th century. It then discusses what can be determined about the buildings of the two farms, followed by the tenancy/ownership of the farms up to the middle of the 20^th century.

Early History

A brief understanding of the ancient history of the locality is relevant to Shaws and Hodgehorne farms. Tandridge has been identified as an Anglo Saxon seasonal pasture for pigs used by the inhabitants of Beddington (between Carshalton and Croydon)[3]. This involved droving the pigs from Beddington to Tandridge in August/September such that they could be fattened on the acorns and beech mast of the woodland pasture and before droving them back to Beddington in November/December. The droveways are believed to have been green strips potentially matching the narrow shape of Tandridge parish south of Lagham Park. However, the place name Tandridge is believed to be derived from denn (pig pasture) with an original foundation of æt Dennhrycge, ‘at the denn-ridge’. The only ridge in Tandridge is at the north of the parish near the church and thus droving from Beddington to their pig pasture would not require a route as far south as the County boundary. Ivan Margary identified a prehistoric trackway that extended from Imberhorne Lane into Tandridge parish just east of the Star junction and progressing north up the thin strip of Tandridge Parish[4], thus it is possible that the narrow width of southern Tandridge represents the wandering nature of an ancient route, rather than a drove road specifically for taking pigs to woodland pasture.

By 1086 Tandridge had been granted to Richard de Tonbridge, lord of Clare. The Clare family still had it in the 12^th century when it was held of them by the Dammartin family. In the 12^th century Odo son of William de Dammartin confirmed a grant by his father of a virgate of land in ‘Chartham’ to the house of St. Pancras at Lewes[5]. That land was at the very southern end of Tandridge against the County boundary and by the 16^th century it was being administered for Lewes Priory by their manor of Imberhorne. This enables it to be traced through the Imberhorne manorial records to demonstrate that the gift contained all the land in Tandridge Parish between the Sussex boundary and Hodgehorne farm. Odo de Dammartin also founded the Priory at Tandridge at the end of the 12^th century and granted lands in Tandridge to the Priory. After the Dissolution, Tandridge Priory Manor and Tandridge Court Manor came into common ownership and, whilst retaining separate manorial records, appear to have interchanged properties as some of the freeholds listed in the 1407 Priory Manor rental[6] appear at the same rental value in the 17^th century Court Books for Tandridge Court Manor[7].

The need for a wide strip of open land either as a transport route or droveway must have waned by the 13^th century as this is when La Newland is first recorded as a separate land holding[8]. It is associated with Moteland (now Moat Farm) north of Ray Lane and thus granting this land to John de Lobright would have reduced any wide north-south transport route to what is now Tandridge Lane against the western parish boundary. Ultimately the narrow strip of Tandridge Parish would be divided up into the farms of (north to south) Hobbs, Blackgrove, Moat, Snowtes (The Red Barn), Shaws & Hodgehorne extending a total of 5 miles.

From the 16^th Century

The earliest documentary references for Shaws is a late 15^th century Chancery case relating to land in Tandridge where Thomas atte Shaw is one of the defendants[9]. Whilst we cannot be certain that Thomas was living upon what later became known as Shaws Farm, there is a 1509 fine against William Shaw for non-attendance at Tandridge Court Manor[10] with a subsequent early 16^th century rental for the manor of Tandridge Priory showing the ‘heirs of William Shaw for land called Roleighs paying 1d’ this entry has been amended in a later hand to show the property is ‘now John Bedyll of Lyngfeld’[11]. The 1576 court roll for the manor of Tandridge Court records the death of Thomas Allen who held a tenement and land called ‘Rowleigh otherwise Shawland otherwise Hog a Horne’ at the yearly rent of 1d[12]. Again we see the same land and rent being recorded in both Tandridge Court and Tandridge Priory manors, however it does link William Shaw’s property called Roleighs to Shawland and Hodgehorne and thus William Shaw is our first confirmed freeholder of at least one portion of Shaws and Hodgehorne.

The name ‘Hodge a Horne’ or ‘Hog a Horne’ that later becomes Hodgehorne is likely to relate to Roger of Horne as Hodge is the pet form of Roger[13]. This could be named after any Roger who lived in Horne but it is interesting to note that Hodgehorne is held of the manor of Bysshe Court which is centred in Horne although there is no record of that manor being held by someone called Roger. During the 13^th century there were a father and son both called Roger de Horne who witnessed inquisitions and charters in Bletchingley[14].

At the end of 1575, William Wydnell, a citizen and merchant tailor of London, purchased property in Tandridge from Henry Hayward, who was then the Lord of the manor of Tandridge Court[15]. In 1576, a single court records the death of Thomas Allen, who died holding Rowleigh (above) and also that William Wydnell is fined for non-attendance. Thus the land William Wydnell purchased in 1575 must have been held from the manor of Tandridge Court and is potentially the land previously held by Thomas Allen. In 1584, William Wydnell purchased more property in Tandridge, this time from Edward Baldwyn[16].

William Widnell did not only purchase the freehold properties in Tandridge, he was living there from at least November 1575[17] until his death in 1602. His will, written 30^th November 1601, titles him as William Widnell the elder of Tandridge, Gentleman, and in the various bequests of household effects he writes ‘in the great parlour of my mansion house called Shaws’ and ‘in the great hall there next adjoining’. He gifts the ‘mansion house called Shawes’ to his son William along with his ‘armour and weapons and furniture for warre’[18]. William Widnell, the elder, died 15^th February 1602, his will being proved in March 1602.

William Widnell, the elder, was granted a coat of arms in 1575 consisting of three ostriches and three stars within a chevron, the crest being a stork with spread wings. A William Widnell, merchant tailor, is recorded as exporting cloth to Morocco in 1565, 1567-8 and 1571, and importing sugar from there in 1568 when his imports totalled 223 cwt (11 tonnes) of sugar and 60 cwt (3 tonnes) of panele (brown unrefined sugar)[19]. Mary the widow of William the elder, continued to live at the mansion house called Shaws until her death in 1613. Her will lists ‘my maid servants now living in the house’ as Joane Knight, Elizabeth Breach, Martha Hollamby, Alice Hole and Anne Thorpe[20]. This number of personal servants indicates that Mary was living a high status life as the house is also being occupied by her son William and therefore his servants responsible for maintaining the household will be in addition to her list.

William Widnell [aka. Wignall], son of William the elder and Mary, was a Justice of the Peace for Surrey and High Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex in 1612, he had married Judith the daughter and co-heir of Wyat Wylde, Serjeant-at-Arms[21]. Their children were baptised at Lingfield Church from 1593 to 1613, the parish records always record him ‘of Tandridge’ and in 1612 he is ‘of Shawes in Tandridge’. He is recorded as a soldier in 1613, 1622 and 1624. His wife Judith died in February 1622 and William married Anne, daughter of Sir William Gainsford, in December 1623[22] and they had a son Thomas. William’s Lingfield burial entry on 30^th August 1632 records him as William Wignall of Shawes, soldier. William’s will[23], written only 6 days before his burial, grants a feather bed in the chamber over the kitchen to his son John, describing it as the one where he ‘currently lies’. Therefore John is living in Shaws at this time. It is to son Thomas that most of the household is granted including all hay, corn, cattle, horse, sheep, waines, ploughs and implements of husbandry. Thomas also receives all plate, brass and pewter furniture from the kitchen, larder, brewing house and milk house with all other furniture and implements that belong to those rooms.

Although son Thomas has received all the live and dead stock of the farm and much of the household furniture, it is to son Edward (not mentioned in William’s will) that the property passes to. As no property is mentioned in the will it is likely that William had already granted it to Edward before his death.

Edward Wignall was born in 1593 and married Winnifred Baker, the daughter of Alexander Baker of Westminster, surgeon to King James. Four of his children are baptised at Lingfield between 1623 and 1629, and he is identified as ‘Knight of Shaws’ in 1623 and in his burial entry for 9^th April 1647. The will of ‘Sir Edward Wignall of Tandridge’[24] written on 20^th December 1646, grants money to his daughters Frances, Mary and Arabella. It then states that he has mortgaged all his property in Lincolnshire to Thomas Scargell, citizen and merchant of London, for the sum of £1,040 and that he has lately mortgaged to Anne Parker, widow, certain land in Tandridge for £540. He then grants all of his properties in Lincolnshire and the City of London to his brother James Wignall of Bletchingley and friend Richard Diggins, yeoman of Tandridge, in trust that they use the income from these properties to pay all his debts and mortgage payment, selling property if necessary. The residue of these properties then passes to Edward’s brother James Wignall who is also the ward of Edward’s young children, whilst all property in Tandridge descends to Edward’s son William when he reaches the age of 24 in 1653.

William Wignall married Katherine Cooke at Waltham Abbey, Essex, in 1652. They do not appear to have had any children.

In 1654, William Wignall lost a case in the Court of Common Pleas that cost him £600 plus costs. He mortgages ‘a messuage and farm called Hodgeahorne’ to Andrew Watkins, a yeoman of Edenbridge, for £660 to cover the costs and pays off the majority of the loan in 1660 leaving £200 outstanding which he transfers, to be held against Shaws rather than Hodgehorne[25].

In June 1662 William Wignall is the plaintiff in a Chancery Court case against Richard Shallcross of Croydon[26]. William claims that he had wanted to sell a messuage and lands belonging to it called ‘Hodge a Horne’ in Tandridge and that Richard had expressed an interest in purchasing it and had paid a £300 advance payment and had requested the deeds so that he could examine them. Richard then took the deeds and claimed that he owned the property without further payment. William wins the case and does not sell the property as he is still holding it when he dies at the end of 1662[27].

William Wignall wrote his will[28] on 17^th November 1662 stating that he had agreed to sell ‘the messuage tenement and lands called Hodgahorne now in the occupation of Elizabeth Wickenden’ to Richard Snelling of Chartham for the sum of £650, but now gives it to his wife Katherine and her heirs. He grants ‘the capital messuage where I now dwell called Shawes’ to Katherine his wife for her life and afterwards to Frances, his sister, the wife of Jarvis Maplesden junior, and her heirs; unless she has no heirs in which case it reverts to the heirs of Katherine his wife. William also grants the ‘house called Chapmans now in the occupation of James Holliday’ to Katherine. Chapmans is later identified as the site of the Blacksmiths Head and the fields to the east along the road, being at Newchapel to the west of Shaws[29]. The financial bequests in William’s will total over £500 so he has recovered financially since having to mortgage his property in 1654 to pay his debts.

The ownership of Shaws and Hodgehorne until the early 20^th century

The Tandridge hearth tax[30] of 1664 records ‘Shawes Howse’ with 10 hearths whilst Elizabeth Wickenden (living at Hodgehorne) only has a single hearth. This demonstrates the significant difference in scale between the two dwellings. The absence of a named person for the tax upon Shaws might indicate that its ownership was unclear to the taxator following the death of William Wignall. It is not clear whether Frances Maplesden had any heirs, but William’s widow Katherine was remarried to Nathaniel Lomax by 1671 when they defend a case in Chancery Court brought by Francis Watkins, a yeoman of Lingfield,[31] who claims that the £200 residue of the 1654 mortgage with his father Andrew (above) later secured against Shaws is still outstanding and requests that the property is transferred to him. Hodgehorne is said to be worth in excess of £30 per annum and Shaws in excess of £50 per annum. Nathaniel Lomax and Katherine win the case, retaining Shaws, this is confirmed in the manorial records of Tandridge Court in 1675 when Nathaniel Lomax, gent, is presented as holding Shaws in Tandridge and for lands called Rowly part of Hodge a Horne[32].

In 1686, the manor of Bysshe Court records the owner of ‘Hoggenhorne’ as being William Wignall, deceased, and the occupier as Davy Maynard[33]. ‘Davy’ is actually David Maynard who dies in 1709; the Lingfield burial entry records him as living at Shaws. His will[34] does not state the name of his farm in Tandridge but grants its use to David Aynscombe after his death, the Aynscombe/Anscombe family will continue to occupy Shaws or Hodgehorne until at least 1851. The executor of the will is Nathaniel Newnham, linen draper of London, who in 1716 is recorded as owning Shaws and Rowleys part of Hodgehorne in the Tandridge Priory list of tenants[35] and in 1730, Nathaniel is recorded as the owner of ‘Hodge Horne’[36].

Nathaniel Newnham ‘of Streatham’ is still listed as holding Shaws and Rowleys part of Hodge a Horne occupied by John Anscombe in the 1760 rental for Tandridge Court[37]. The next reference is a detailed 1762 ‘survey and map of Shawes and Hodghorne Farm in Tandridge’ belonging to Nathaniel Newnham Esq of Newtimber Place, Sussex[38].

Nathaniel Newnham of Streatham, Esquire, was born in 1652 and became an eminent merchant and master of the Mercers’ Company in 1736. He was involved in the exporting of woollen cloth and the importing of luxury fabrics such as linen and silk[39]. His son was also called Nathaniel (born 1699) and it is necessary to identify when Shaws and Hodgehorne passed from father to son. Clearly it is Nathaniel the elder in 1716 as his son would be underage. It would also appear that it was retained by him until his death as Nathaniel junior had purchased and moved to Newtimber in 1741 yet the 1760 rental states the owner is of Streatham. Nathaniel Newnham the elder died in 1760 and Nathaniel junior inherited his Surrey properties excepting certain properties that passed to the eldest son Thomas Newnham, thus the 1762 map would be a record of part of Nathaniel’s newly inherited estate scattered across Surrey and Sussex[40].

Nathaniel Newnham junior followed his father in becoming a merchant and was a Director of the East India Company repeatedly between 1738 and 1758 and Director of the South Sea Company in 1761[41]. He was a dissenter, supported by the Pelham family of Sussex and in particular Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1^st Duke of Newcastle, to be elected MP for Aldborough in 1743 until 1754 when he the lost favour of the Duke of Newcastle and was elected MP for Bramber eventually losing his seat in 1761[42]. Nathaniel Newnham died in 1778; his will[43] devised the unnamed ‘messuages in Tandridge’ to his eldest son George Lewis Newnham.

The first surviving Tandridge land tax is 1781 and identifies George Newnham as the owner of Shaws and Hodgehorn[44], whilst the manor of Tandridge Court in October 1782 presents the death of John [sic] Newnham, Esquire, of Newtimber, who died holding ‘Shawes and Rowleys and part of Hodge a Horne’ and admits George Lewis Newnham, Esquire, of Lincolns Inn, his son and heir[45].

George Lewis Newnham was born about 1733, becoming a barrister in 1757. His father unsuccessfully recommended him to the Duke of Newcastle as a candidate for a seat in Parliament in 1761. He was later elected MP for Arundel in 1774 being supported by Sir John Shelley; he retained this seat until the 1780 election when he did not stand. He inherited the Newtimber estate in 1788 when his mother died, but later lived at Queens Square, Middlesex, from where he died in August 1800. His will[46], not mentioning any properties in Surrey, granted his estate in trust to his son John Lewis Newnham.

The Tandridge land tax continues to record George [Lewis] Newnham as the owner of Shaws and Hodgehorne from 1801 to 1811 even though he was dead, thus showing how little contact there was between the owners of the properties and the local residents who compiled the assessment. However, George’s death had not gone unnoticed by the manor of Bysshe Court as their 1802 rental states that John Newnham holds ‘Hodge horne alias Hogen horne’[47].

John Lewis Newnham did not retain Shaws and Hodgehorne for any considerable period, selling them to William Cooke of Lincolns Inn, Middlesex, in March 1811 for £8,000[48]. This indenture describes every field, matching the 1762 survey, it also describes each property using a generic description and then a more specific one that includes the ‘droveways’ for both properties. This latter description concludes naming the occupiers, but the names are from the 17^th and early 18^th century and therefore appears to have been copied from a much earlier deed, the inclusion of ‘droveways’ would imply that the north south route was still known for that purpose at the start of the 18^th century. William Cooke was a barrister who also lived at Wrinsted Court, Kent, with his wife Loveday Cooke née Leigh. In 1818, William issued a 7-year lease to David Aynscomb for ‘Shaws and Hodghorn Farms’; this lists all the field names which align (almost exactly) with the names on the 1762 survey. The total size of the two farms is just under 261 acres at a rent of £250 per annum ‘plus an extra £20pa for each acre of ploughed meadow and £10pa for each acre used for crops other than corn, grass and turnips or other crops that do not exhaust the soil’[49]. The significant difference in acreage between 313a in 1762 to 261a in this lease is explained by the fact that the woods, Green Lane Wood and Upper Wood, totalling 47 acres, were retained by William Cooke for his use,[50] the remaining difference must relate to the accuracy of measurement as the field names demonstrate no reduction in size has taken place. The long tenure of the Aynscombe family, who had by now occupied Shaws for 109 years, must have been the result of a series of many leases of which this is the only surviving example.

William Cooke died in 1832 and passed all his estate in Kent and Surrey to his widow Loveday[51]. She held the properties until her death in 1849 and her will transferred ‘my farms lands and tenements ... near the parish of Lingfield’ to Thomas Pemberton Leigh, esquire, of Lincolns Inn, barrister. Her will also shows that she was a very wealthy woman holding £5,000 in Bank of England Stock in addition to all the lands and estate[52]. Thomas Pemberton Leigh did not retain the properties and sold them to Charles Edward Pepys, 2^nd Earl of Cottenham, in October 1852[53].

It is not surprising that the transfer of Hodgehorne and Shaws to the Earl of Cottenham were quickly recognised by their respective manors of Bysshe Court in 1853[54] and Tandridge Court in 1854[55] as the Cottenhams were already significant local landowners. Sir William Weller Pepys, 2^nd Baronet Cottenham, had purchased the property called Tandridge Court (not the manor) and Southlands in 1834, using the considerable financial inheritance from his father, this then passed to his brother Charles Christopher, who was created 1^st Earl of Cottenham in 1850. He died in 1851 and the estate descended to his son Charles Edward the 2^nd Earl. His estate included lands in Crowhurst, Blindley Heath, Horne and Felcourt. The local manorial court books[56] record the gradual amassing of this estate through the purchase of individual freeholds. Whilst his father spent little time residing locally, Charles Edward spent considerable time at Tandridge Court and later Felcourt House from where he died in 1863 aged 39[57].

The Cottenham estate passed to his younger brother William John, 3^rd Earl of Cottenham, who is recorded in 1864 as being admitted to Wildgoose, Blackland, Matches, Fowles, ‘Shaws and Rowley and part of Hodge in Horne’, Lyons, Onlands and Bakers part of Chathill[58]. These properties are only those held by the manor of Tandridge Court and had been purchased individually by the 2^nd Earl. The 3^rd Earl died in 1881 and the estate passed to his son, Kenelm Charles Edward who was aged only 7. When Kenelm came of age in 1895, he sold 2,200 acres of the estate in north Tandridge and in 1899 he raised a mortgage of £7,000 against Shaws Farm, which was in the tenancy of William Burgess. It is unclear why Kenelm needed to secure a loan considering his recent sale of large quantities of land; contemporary newspapers only record him hunting and fishing regularly.

In 1899, he was cited in a society divorce case between Mr John Blundell Leigh and Lady Rose Leigh, daughter of the Marquis of Abergavenny, when she was accused of being adulterous with the Earl. The decree absolute was granted on 27^th November 1899 and Lady Leigh and the Earl of Cottenham were married by licence on the 2^nd December 1899. Kenelm Charles lived at Bicester Hall, Oxfordshire, and appears to have had very little interest in the Surrey Estate.

In 1907, the Felcourt Estate was put up for auction in lots[59] and whilst lot 16 is called Shaws Farm at 122 acres, it does not match the historic boundary of Shaws as the property being sold no longer has any land south of Newchapel Road and has gained fields from both Gatehouse and Snouts Farm, which were also part of the Felcourt Estate by this date. The property is described:-

“Shaw’s Farm”

Well suited for a gentleman’s residence. It comprises of a substantially built

Farm Residence

Of brick and tiled, occupying a fine position

On High Ground, commanding Extensive Views

On all sides, and standing well back from the road, approached by a drive. It contains: Hall, Three Sitting Rooms, Large Kitchen, Back Kitchen, Scullery, Pantry, Dairy, Store and Coal Cellar; Above are Seven Bed Rooms, Bath Room with hot and cold supplies, W.C. and Box Room. Water from Well by force pump.

Good Garden and Large Orchard

Extensive Farm Buildings

Of brick, timber and tile, viz; Stabling for Three Horses, Coach House and Loft, Barn, Granary, Cow-houses, Yards, Cart and Implement Shed, Piggery etc. and Enclosures of

Arable, Pasture and Woodland

122a 1r 25p

Let to Mr. W. Burgess, a yearly tenant at £67 per annum.

The Farm House, Garden, Orchard and Nag Stabling is sub-let to Mrs Coles at £35 per annum

Shaws Farm sold for £2,270 to Mr Bates of Ashurst Wood[60]. Shaws Cottages, which had been built on the south side of Newchapel Road in the 1850’s to house farm workers for Shaws Farm, and the fields that were previously part of Shaws Farm south of Newchapel Road but only as far as the Eden Brook, were advertised as Lot 17:-

35 Acres

Of

Freehold Pasture and Arable Land,

Together with

Two Modern Cottages,

The cottages are brick built and slated and contain FOUR ROOMS each, with good well of water, and are now in the occupation of W. Illman and Jas. Street.

Let, with other lands, to Mr. W. Burgess, a yearly tenant at £23 per annum.

Shaws Cottages were purchased by Walter Williams, Gentleman, of Carewell, Lingfield, for £890. Hodge Horne Farm was included within a larger lot containing Felcourt House and Grounds totalling 664 acres which did not sell at the auction; it was subsequently sold to Hubert Frank Sturdy. This ended the common ownership of Shaws and Hodgehorne farms after 300 years.

Walter Williams sold on Shaws Cottages within a month to Hubert Frank Sturdy for £1,350[61]. In July 1919, Hubert Frank Sturdy has advertised ‘the remainder of Felcourt Estate’ for sale by auction[62]. The live and dead stock of Felcourt and Hodgehorn Farms are sold at auction on 30^th September 1919[63]. On 18^th November 1919, Hubert Frank Sturdy, now of The Manor House, Grafton Regis, Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire, sells the cottages and 28 acres to William Perkins a farmer of Landy Nod Farm, Bromyard, Worcester, for £1,700. In 1923, William Perkins is recorded as a farmer living at ‘Shaws’[64] [the electoral roll lists him as living ‘near Shaws Farm’; he is not living at Shawlands].

The land that was previously part of Shaws Farm south of Eden Brook and the land of Hodgehorne Farm also appears in the 1919 auction catalogue although it has now been split into three lots with much of the Shaws/Hodgehorne land being sold with Felcourt Farm. The Old Surrey and Burstow Hounds stables, The Kennels and staff accommodation have been built to the west of Hodgehorne Farmhouse and are being auctioned as a separate lot subject to the Burstow Hounds being a sitting tenant at £160 per annum and requiring 3 months notice to quit. This paper will not consider the Hunt or The Kennels further as their history has been previously published[65].

The 1919 catalogue entry for Hodgehorne provides far more information regarding the buildings:-

Hodgehorne Farm

A Well-Equipped Dairy Farm

Extending to

110a 3r 1p

With 53 acres of Rich Pasture Land, 13 Acres of Fertile Arable Land and 40 Acres of Woodland, with good natural water supplies.

There is

An Excellent Farm House of Moderate Size

Well-built in Brick with Slate Roof and containing Sitting Room, Kitchen, Back Kitchen, Dairy, Larder, Four Bedrooms, Bathroom, Coal Shed and W.C., and Garden.

Newly Built and Modern Farm Buildings

Constructed in Brick and Tile, enclosing Stock Yard, with the following accommodation:

Cowhouse with Stalls for twelve, Stables with two Stalls and Harness Room, two Loose Boxes opening into Yard. Open two-bay Cattle Shed, Root House, Hay Store, Mixing Room, Piggery and two Sties, tile flooring, well drained, lighted and ventilated.

At the rear of the Buildings is a useful stone quarry.

Co.’s water laid on.

As recorded above, all of the buildings are ‘newly built’ except the farm house and thus any of the medieval agricultural buildings have been removed by this date. The creation of the separate Lot for the Burstow Hunt splits the farm building complex away from the farm as this is being occupied by the Hounds. Thus the description above relates to another new set of buildings around a yard built immediately north of the earlier yard.

The structures of Shaws

The topography and thin strip of Shaws Farm means that the high point just north of the current house with its extensive views both north and south is the most likely location for any significant medieval dwelling within this land holding, the only negative being that it is a considerable distance from the roads.

Whilst the design of any dwelling at Shaws for William Shaw or Thomas Allen in the 16^th century cannot be determined, there is some evidence that can be used to suggest what kind of dwelling William Widnell resided in between 1575 and his death in 1601. He was a very wealthy man and describing his dwelling as a ‘mansion house’ with a great hall adjoining a great parlour could imply a large open hall house, but the ‘chamber over the kitchen’ would have to relate to an earlier detached kitchen if his dwelling was still an open hall house, therefore it is more likely that this is a fully floored dwelling and thus the kitchen is an integral room within the ground floor. This would fit well with the demise of construction of open hall houses about 1550, but it also suggests that the building is likely to be newly built in 1575, and therefore the earlier dwelling on the site had probably been demolished, or very significantly modified. As such, the 10 hearths recorded in the 1664 tax are potentially coeval to the 1575 mansion. This number of hearths is greater than the 8 hearths recorded at Gullege, East Grinstead, in 1662, whose large chimneys also date to c1575. A high status rural building of this date is most likely to be timber-framed with dominant brick chimneys.

The current house, now called Shawlands, is of an early 18^th century design and there is nothing to suggest that it incorporates any earlier structure within its envelope. The staircase design is dated to c1710[66] and thus it is likely that the main structure of the current house was constructed by Nathaniel Newnham Senior when he acquired the property prior to 1716.

The current house is orientated to face northwards, with the large original chimney stacks covering most of the southern elevation. The modern approach to the house is from Newchapel Road and thus approaches what was the rear elevation. The 1762 Budgen survey clearly shows the northern approach as a long access track branching off the London Road (A22) between Gatehouse Farm and Stantons Hall, nearly ¾ of a mile away from the house. There is a structure depicted at the London Road end of the track through which the track passes, so this is likely to have been a gatehouse. The gatehouse, which may have been the reason for the naming of Gatehouse Farm to the south, is also depicted on the Rocque map of 1768.

As the track approaches the house it widens to be about 90m across with two ponds on the west side. This large open area in front of the house has two non-domestic structures within it, one stands to the north of the ponds and the other nearer the southern extent. At the south eastern corner of the wide track it extends southwards as a much narrower access entering a farm yard to the east of a group of three agricultural buildings before continuing south to Newchapel Road.

The 1762 Budgen survey depicts two dwellings in the complex; these are both similarly depicted on the 1845 Tandridge Tithe. The larger dwelling is on the site of the current house, whilst the smaller one, lies to the north east, being central to the end of the entrance approach. It is therefore possible that this ‘smaller dwelling’ is associated with the earlier Widnell house being in the centre of the vista as you approach down the track from the gatehouse. There is a structure close to this position on the 1870 Ordnance Survey map but it is depicted as having 2 roof lines, this is still shown on the 1910 Ordnance Survey map and through the later series up to the modern date. Thus it is possible to see on the ground that the building shown on the 1870 OS map is in fact a coach house and not an earlier dwelling.

The three agricultural buildings shown immediately to the east of Shaws on the 1762 survey are also depicted on the 1845 Tithe, but they have been replaced with a double quadrangle arrangement by 1870. The new farm buildings have their yards opening to the west and thus the track, which used to divert round the east side of the complex, has been realigned to pass between Shaws House and the farm buildings.

Between 1895 and 1910, a south extension is added to Shaws masking the chimney stacks such that the property has an appropriately proportioned frontage when approached by the current main driveway from the south. It seems most likely that this was carried out by Henry C Bates just prior to 1910 when he is first listed as residing there[67], having purchased the freehold of the property in 1907. It is highly unlikely to have been done whilst it was a tenanted property held by the Earl of Cottenham.

Also between 1895 and 1910, a new dwelling has been constructed to the east of the farm buildings. The Ordnance Survey mapping indicates that it is a semi-detached building and in the 1911 census we see that the main house at Shaws has been re-named Shawlands, and Shaws Farm appears in the records as well as Shaws Cottages. Thus this new semi-detached building is most probably called Shaws Farm.

 

The property is sold in 1936 and the catalogue[68] provides details of the buildings at that date;

The property includes a comfortable medium sized

Georgian Residence

Containing: Lounge Hall, Two reception Rooms, Seven Bed Rooms, Tiled Bath Room, (hot and cold), etc.’ with

Central Heating, Electric Light, Company’s Water

Range of Model Buildings

Planned on the latest principles many having ‘Vita’ glass windows, Electric Light, Company’s Water, automatic Drinking Bowls and ‘Beatty’ Tubular Metal Fittings.

Dairy with Refrigerating Plant

Pair of Superior Modern Cottages

Together with adjoining Pasture Lands extending to approximately 158 Acres.

The details of the main house indicate that no significant alterations have taken place since 1910.

The structures of Hodgehorne

Whilst the name Hodgehorne is mentioned within the 1576 entry of ‘a tenement and land’ called ‘Rowleigh otherwise Shawland otherwise Hog a Horne[69]’; it is unlikely that this entry refers to a tenement at the location of Hodge Horne as surveyed in 1762, as this entry is by the manor of Tandridge Court and not Bysshe Court who hold the later dwelling site. However, it is likely that the ‘messuage and farm called Hodgeahorne’ recorded in 1654, which is in the occupation of Mrs Wickenden in 1662 and is still in her occupation in 1664, with a single hearth, is likely to be on or near the site of the 1762 surveyed dwelling with its short access road from the London Road at the top of Woodcock Hill.

To be called a messuage, rather than a cottage, implies that it is a substantial dwelling with more than a single room on the ground floor. However, the presence of only a single hearth puts it at the smaller scale for a ‘messuage’ in the 17^th century, when many one-room cottages also had a single hearth.

There is no firm evidence that the mid 17^th century dwelling is the one depicted on the 1762 survey, but this depiction is in exactly the same orientation and location as that depicted on the 1845 Tandridge Tithe map that shows an east-west range, potentially two-bays, with what could be an external stack at the east end. Strangely, there is no dwelling depicted at Hodge Horne on the 1865 map of the newly formed Parish of Felbridge[70]. But by 1873, the earlier building has gone and a new farm house (now the core of Garthfield Lodge) and farm complex has been constructed. Similarly to Shaws Farm, the new complex is around a square yard opening towards the dwelling. There is a well shown at the east of the yard beyond the buildings, this is likely to be the well for the earlier house as it would have been located immediately in front of that house, whereas it is now some distance from the new dwelling.

By 1895, the recently created farm buildings have already been modified with the removal of the southern range and the construction of a new range further west. The only well is still shown in the same location, but there is a covered reservoir further east along the track towards Felcourt. The 1919 sale conditions reserve access rights to this reservoir as it supplies water to Felcourt Farm as well as Hodge Horne. The ‘useful stone quarry’ at the rear of the buildings listed in the 1919 sale is the site of the earlier house which had presumably been constructed upon a stone outcrop.

The tenants of Shaws and Hodgehorne[71]

The 1811 deed for Shaws and Hodgehorne[72] lists ‘Richard Stiles then David Maynard and now David Aynscombe’ as the occupiers of Shaws whilst it lists ‘John Wickenden then William Worger and now David Aynscombe’ as the occupiers of Hodgehorne. Elsewhere in the deed it lists David Aynscombe as the current (1811) occupier; however, the David Aynscome who was the occupier in 1811 is not the same David who followed David Maynard who died in 1709. We also note that Elizabeth Wickenden was the occupier of Hodgehorne in the 1660’s so John Wickenden and William Worger are likely to be late 17^th or early 18^th century occupiers.  

 

The Aynscombe [also Anscomb/Anscombe] Family 1709-1857

David₁ Aynscombe had been granted the tenancy of Shaws in 1709 by David Maynard. David₁ Aynscombe was born in 1683, the son of John and Elizabeth Anscombe née Head. David₁ Anscombe married Patience Bennett in 1716 at East Grinstead, with David₁ recorded as a yeoman of Tandridge. David₁’s siblings were William, Anne and Sarah. Sarah married Alexander Tooth in Lewes in 1737. Anne married James Ward in 1732 at East Grinstead, James being the son of Thomas Ward after which Wards Farm, adjacent to Hodgehorne Farm, is named. David₁ Aynscombe ‘of Shaws’ died in 1750 with no surviving children, his will[73] making bequests to John₁ and David₂ the sons of his deceased brother William. The will also mentions his ‘kinsman’ John Aynscombe who has a brother William and sister Mary Burgess; it is likely that these are his cousins. Upon David₁’s death in 1750, the tenancy of Shaws appears to have transferred to his nephew John₁, the son of William.

John₁ Aynscombe is still tenanting Shaws in 1781 when the first surviving Tandridge land tax[74] lists William Aynscombe as the occupier of Hodgehorne. It is not clear what relationship William has to John₁, but he and John₁ both cease their tenures in 1781, giving way to David₃ Anyscombe who holds both properties from 1782.

David₂ Aynscombe had married Jane (possibly Jane Tailor of Chiddingstone, Kent) and they had a son David₃ Aynscombe born in 1747[75]. David₃ ‘of Tandridge’ married Philadelphia Woolgar at the church of St Nicholas, Godstone, on 14^th September 1781, and they had at least four children, Mary born in 1782, John₂ born in 1783, David₄ born in 1785 and William born in 1786.

The 7-year counterpart lease of 1818[76] taken out by David₃, discussed above, was due to terminate in 1825, however, David₃ Aynscombe died and was buried at St Peter’s and St Paul’s Church, Lingfield, on 27^th December 1823, being succeeded at Shaws by his son John₂. John₂ still occupied both Shaws and Hodgehorn farms in 1832[77]; this is the last date when we can be sure they were being tenanted together. John₂’s tenure was short lived as by 1841 he had been succeeded at Shaws by his brother David₄ Aynscombe.

David₄ Aynscombe had been baptised at St Peter’s Church, Tandridge, on 8^th October 1785 and does not appear to have married. In 1841, David₄ Aynscombe was listed as farmer of Shaws and his household included: Elizabeth Woolgar, born in c 1785 (possibly distantly related to David₄’s mother Philadelphia née Woolgar) employed as a housekeeper; Hettey Goreing [Hetty Goringe], aged about 15, employed as a female servant (later married William Young on 25^th January 1862 at St John the Evangelist church, Blindley Heath); and three agricultural labourers: William Stone aged about 15, Robert Mitchell aged 15 and William Young also, aged about 15.

In 1851, David₄ Aynscombe was still residing at Shaws, being listed as a farmer of 140 acres, employing 5 people. Along with David₄ Aynscombe, the household consisted of: Elizabeth Woolgar, now aged 65, employed as a housekeeper; Ann Young aged 21, employed as a house servant; and three agricultural labourers: John Creasey aged 69, William Young aged 25 and George Young aged 19. The Youngs were all siblings, the children of James and Martha Young of Froggit Heath.

David₄ Aynscombe died in 1857 and the Aynscombe family ceased their tenancy after nearly 150 years, as by 1861, the property was in the occupation of Richard J Jones (see below). As a point of interest, after the death of David₄ Aynscombe, Elizabeth Woolgar took up the position of housekeeper for her brother, Henry Woolgar, at Bower Lands in Crowhurst, Surrey.

Hodgehorne Tenancy 1841-1953

In 1841, when David₄ Aynscombe was only occupying Shaws, George Deacon was in the occupation of ‘Hodge Horn’. George Deacon had been born in Mayfield, Sussex, in 1805, the son of John Deacon and his wife Charlotte née Buss. In 1831, George married Philadelphia Darling at St Georges, Bloomsbury; Philadelphia having been christened at St Nicholas Church, Godstone, on 27^th September 1801, listed as daughter of Philadelphia Darling. George and Philadelphia had at least six children, including; Mary Ann baptised in 1831 in East Grinstead, John baptised in 1833 in Lingfield, George baptised in 1834 in East Grinstead, James S baptised in Godstone in 1836, Thomas born at Wards Farm, Felbridge, and baptised in 1840 in Tandridge and Philadelphia baptised in 1846 in Blindley Heath.

In 1841, George was listed as an agricultural labourer of Hodgehorn and his household included: wife Philadelphia; children: Mary Ann aged 9, John aged 7, George aged 6, James aged 4 and Thomas aged 2; and William Baker aged 16, listed as an agricultural labourer. However, by 1845, the Deacon family had moved to Wards Farm, Felbridge, George working as a Bailiff, and Hodgehorn was held by William Stenning. The most likely William Stenning was the Timber Merchant of Godstone who had been born on 14^th February 1804, the son of William Stenning and his wife Mary née Head. He married Elizabeth Rose on 15^th October 1829 and they had at least eleven children including: William born in 1830, Edward born in 1831, Henry born in 1833, Elizabeth born in 1839, Mary Jane born on 1841, Catherine born in 1842, Fanny born in 1844, Alexander Rose born in 1846, Frederick born in 1847, Alice Sarah born in 1850 and Martha born in 1854. Although William Stenning held an interest in Hodgehorn he did not live there, residing first at Town Farm, Godstone, and in his later years, Godstone Court.

By 1851 Hodgehorn Farm was in the occupation of Walter Budgen who probably took up residence when George Deacon moved to Wards Farm in 1845. Before his move to Hodgehorn, Walter Budgen had been farming Wickenden at West Hoathly, Sussex.

Walter Budgen had been born in West Hoathly and was baptised Walter Stanbridge Budgen on 29^th October 1797, the son of Thomas and Hannah Budgen. Walter married Elizabeth Payne in Balcombe, Sussex, on 28^th October 1826 and they had at least ten children, including: Ellen born in 1827, Mary Ann born about 1829, Thomas born about 1831, Harriet born about 1833, Walter born about 1835, Elizabeth born in 1839, William born in 1839, Jane born in 1841, George born in 1846 and Caroline born in 1849. The first three children were born in Balcombe, Sussex, the next six were born in West Hoathly and the last child was born in Tandridge, Surrey.

In 1851, Walter Budgen was living at Hodgehorn Farm, listed as a farmer of 104 acres, employing 4 people. Also living in Walter Budgen’s household was: wife Elizabeth, children: Mary Ann, Thomas, Walter, Elizabeth, William, Jane, George and Caroline (all except the 3 younger children were listed as employed on the farm); and agricultural labourer, Jappe Argent, aged 46. Walter was to remain at Hodgehorn Farm until sometime between 1861 and 1871 when he was succeeded by John Glover, listed as a farmer of 111 acres, employing 2 men.

John Glover had been born in Lingfield, Surrey, in about 1834, the son of Ambrose Glover, poulterer, and his wife Sarah née Lampon. In 1861, John was living with brother Richard Glover, the Inn Keeper and a poulterer at the Grey Hound Inn, Lingfield; John working as an assistant. In 1868, John Glover married Ellen Hobbs of Sevenoaks, Kent, and they had one daughter called Ellen, born in 1871. Sadly John’s wife Ellen Glover died shortly after the birth of their daughter and at the time of the census in 1871, John Glover, listed as a widower, was residing at Hodgehorn Farm, and his household included, his 2-month old daughter Ellen; Esther Tanner, aged 33, employed as his housekeeper; nephew Edward Payne, aged 17, working as a poulterer; and Mary Faulkner, aged 14, working as a general servant.

On 25^th October 1871, John Glover married Fanny Marchant at St John the Evangelist in Clapham, Surrey. Fanny had been born about 1842, the daughter of Joshua Marchant and his wife Charlotte née Gillett of Chiddingstone, Kent. John and Fanny had at least six children, including: Alfred John born in 1872, Emily and Frank born in 1873, Albert born in 1875, Ambrose born in 1877 (who died the same year) and Margaret born in 1879.

By 1881, John Glover had left Hodgehorn Farm and had moved back to the Grey Hound in Lingfield as the licensed victualler, being succeeded at Hodgehorn Farm by John Dennis, listed as a farmer of 111 acres, employing 1 man and 1 boy.

So far, with the details in the 1881 census, it has proved impossible to determine much information about John Dennis or members of his household. What is known is that the census lists John as born in Colchester, Essex, in about 1817, and in 1881 his wife was called Mary who had been born in Reigate, Surrey, in about 1824. Also living in the household were John’s nephew and niece, Henry and Mary E Bearman, both born in Essex in 1845 and 1842 respectively, Henry working as a farm assistant (Henry was actually John Dennis’s nephew and Mary was Henry’s wife, formerly Mary Carder who had married Henry Beartree in Braintree, Essex, in 1866); along with Arthur Brown, a lodger aged 15, working as a farm servant. By 1883, John Dennis had been succeeded at Hodgehorn by J Carter Wood.  As a point of interest, in 1891 Henry and Mary Bearman were living at Holly Tree Cottage, off Lingfield Road, East Grinstead; Henry working as a dairyman.

J Carter Wood only farmed Hodgehorn Farm for two years as he is recorded in 1885 auctioning off live (animals) and dead stock (implements) at Old Felcourt and Hodgehorn Farms[78]. He was succeeded at Hodgehorn Farm by Mr P Shaw, who two years later is recorded in the Surrey Mirror as auctioning off his live stock and implements because he was ‘quitting’. It is currently unclear who was farming and living at Hodgehorn Farm between 1887 and 1891, but in February 1891 W J Ford esq. of Felcourt was selling off the live and dead stock of Hodgehorn Farm and just a month later Walter Isted was living at Hodgehorn Farm, listed as a Farm Bailiff.

Walter Isted had been born in Terling, Essex, in 1861, the son of John Isted (a gamekeeper, formerly of East Grinstead) and his wife Sarah née Brackpool. Sarah sadly died in 1867 and in 1871 the census records John Isted’s wife as Elizabeth. In 1856, Walter Isted married Emma née Kett in Ipswich, Suffolk; Emma had been born in Heveningham, Suffolk, in 1885, the daughter of Robert Kett, a gardener, and his wife Emma née Nunn. Walter and Emma Isted had three children, Annie born in 1886, Albert born in 1887 and William John born in 1890. Annie was born in Lingfield, Surrey, and the two boys were born in Tandridge, Surrey. This implies that the Isted family had moved from Essex or Suffolk within a year of Walter and Emma’s marriage and that by 1887 had taken up residence in Tandridge before moving to Hodgehorn Farm in 1891.

By 1901 Walter and his family had left Hodgehorn Farm being succeeded by George Killick and his family. As for the Isted family, they returned to Essex and can be found living at Termitts Farm, Peverel, in 1901 where Walter was working a gamekeeper before taking up the position of hotel manager at the Temperance Hotel, Hatfield Peverel, Essex, by 1911.

George Killick who succeeded Walter Isted at Hodgehorn had been born at Chartham, Felcourt, Surrey, in 1858, the son of John Killick, a gamekeeper, and his wife Emily née Goble. By 1871, the Killick family had moved to Woodcock Hill Cottage, Felbridge; George working alongside his father as gamekeepers on the Felbridge estate. In 1892, George Killick married Knighton Curtis in East Grinstead, Sussex. Knighton had been born in Castle Acre, Norfolk, in 1859, the daughter of James Curtis, a shepherd, and his wife Leah née Loynes. Knighton had spent her working life as a School Mistress, first at Swaffham in Norfolk, before moving to work for the Blounts of Imberhorne Manor, East Grinstead, sometime between 1881 and 1891. George and Knighton had just one child, Elizabeth Mary G born at Hodgehorn Farm in 1894.

For the duration of his residence at Hodgehorn Farm, George Killick worked as a gamekeeper but in 1907 it was purchased by Hubert F Sturdy who, by 1908, had established a new kennel complex for the Burstow Hunt at Hodgehorn Farm.  In 1910 Harry Molyneux and Charles Hamblin were residing at Hodgehorn Farmhouse, Harry Molyneux having moved with the hounds from The Kennels at Pound Hill, Bletchingley, where he had been Huntsman for the Burstow Hunt. In 1910 there is no mention of The Kennels, Felbridge, as an address in the Electoral Rolls, just ‘Hodgehorn Farm’ so presumably the area was still known as Hodgehorn Farm but in 1911 there is no mention of Hodgehorn Farm as an address, the area being known as ‘The Kennels, Felbridge’. As for George and Knighton Killick, they had moved to Holly Cottage, Vicarage Road, Lingfield, by 1911, where George worked as a poultry dealer and Knighton ran a sweet shop.

In 1914, ‘Hodgehorn Farm’ again reappears as an Electoral Roll address with Thomas Chitty listed as living there. Thomas Langrish Chitty had been born in East Horsley, Surrey, in 1865, the son of John Chitty, a carpenter, and his wife Jane née Langrish. In 1881, Thomas was living with his parents at The Lodge, East Horsley, working as a stable boy. In 1891 Thomas was lodging with James Parr, a gardener, and his family at 4, Store Yard Place, Lee, Blackheath, Surrey. In 1892 (according to the number of years married in the 1911 census) Thomas Chitty married Eliza (surname not yet established), who had been born in Forest Row, Sussex, in about 1864. Thomas and Eliza had three children; Thomas born about 1894, John born about 1896 and Violet born about 1902, the two boys born in Norwood, Surrey, and Violet born in Westerham, Kent.

In 1901, the Chitty family were living at 2, Springfield Cottage, Westerham; Thomas working as a domestic gardener, but by 1911 they had moved to Oak Farm (now the site of Oak Farm Place) off Crawley Down Road, Felbridge, where Thomas was working as a dairy farmer; sons Thomas and John listed as working on the farm. In May 1911, Oak Farm was put up for auction as part of the break up and sale of the Felbridge estate and in 1913, Thomas Chitty appears in the Electoral Roll as a resident of Harts Hall, Felbridge (now the site of Felbridge Court off Copthorne Road).

In 1916, the Surrey Mirror records that Thomas Chitty of Hodgehorn Farm applied for exemption from War duty for his son John (aged 19). Exemption was requested because Thomas’s eldest son had already signed up for War duty with the Royal Sussex Labour Corps in 1914 (his address given as Hodgehorn Farm), leaving John as the only milkman, ploughman and general labourer on the farm at Hodgehorn, which at the time consisted of 8 acres of arable land, along with livestock including cows.  It would appear that Thomas Chitty was partially successful as John was signed up to a Short Service Attestation with the Scots Guards, meaning that he sworn an oath to king and country with an obligation to serve with the armed forces during World War I. Having attested he could return home, in affect he became an army reservist, to be mobilised when called upon, which was finally not until 25^th May 1918.

In 1919, Thomas and Eliza Chitty were joined at Hodgehorn Farm by Frank and Lilian Burden and Mark James Purey (the latter had left by 1921). By 1920, Thomas and Eliza Chitty had left Hodgehorn Farm and Frank and Lilian Burden had been joined by Thomas James and Margaret Barker. This may have been the result of the fact that in May 1920, the Surrey Mirror reported the auction of Hodgehorn Farm, including the farmhouse, suitable for use as a freehold model dairy or poultry farm of about 19 or 35 acres, although it does not appear to have sold until 1923.  In 1921 the Bakers were no longer at Hodgehorn Farm and between 1921 and 1923, Frank and Lilian Burden and Frederick William and Fanny C Miller are recorded as residents at Hodgehorn Farm.  1923 is also the last entry in the Electoral Rolls for Hodgehorn Farm as an address.

After 1923 and until 1939, Hodgehorn Farm was known as Arkendale, having been purchased by Kenneth Gerard Frazer, who had been born in Eastbourne, Sussex, in 1888, the son of Dr. Kenneth Frazer and his wife Caroline (known as Carrie)Bertha Francis née Warriner.  In 1901 the Kenneth G Frazer was living with his family at Upton Lodge, 15, Devonshire Place, Eastbourne. In 1915, Kenneth Gerard Frazer was residing at Castlegourd, Long Island, New York, and on 10^th July 1915, married Eltheldreda Mary Findley at Roath Park Congregational Church, New York.  Etheldreda had been born in Hampstead, London, in 1888, the twin daughter with Josephine, of John Adamson Findlay, railway manager, and his wife Kate née Adamson, formerly of London but of The Cloisters, Abergavenny, in 1915. Kenneth and Etheldreda do not appear to have had a family and Kenneth served during World War I as a 2^nd Lieutenant with the 9^th King’s Rifle Corps and as Captain with the Machine Gun Corps. He entered the theatre of war in France on 6^th March 1917 and returned home on 22^nd September 1921, being awarded the British and Victory Medals on 3^rd January 1922.  

In May 1937, the Surrey Mirror carried an advertisement for the sale of ‘Arkendale (formerly Hodgehorn)’ being sold by Kenneth G Frazer. This appears to have gone ahead as by January 1938 the Frazers had moved to a new property just north of The Star Inn in Felbridge, taking the name of their former property (Arkendale) with them (now the site of Arkendale, part of Whittington College), thus Hodgehorn reverted back to its original name. The Frazers remained at their new Arkendale until their deaths, Etheldreda in 1964 and Kenneth in 1967.

In 1938, Hodgehorn was purchased from the Frazers by William and Grace Irene Sullings and by 1939 it had been renamed as Garthfield Farm. William Sullings had been born in Wandsworth in 1883, the son of William Sullings, a cattle dealer, and Nora his wife. William Sullings married Grace Irene Alderton on 27^th March 1916 in Morden, Surrey; Grace having been born in Walthamstow, London, in 1887, the daughter of Lewis Alderton and his wife Kate née Rickwood. William and Grace had one daughter, Nora M born in Epsom, Surrey, in 1917. The Sullings moved to Hodgehorn from Garth Villa, Garth Road, Morden, Surrey, and carried the name Garth with them, re-naming Hodgehorn Farm as Garthfield Farm.  The Sullings remained at Garthfield Farm until the death of William in 1953, aged 70. In 1953, the house at Garthfield Farm, formerly Hodgehorn Farmhouse, was registered as Garthfield Lodge and a dwelling known as The Bungalow, Garthfield Farm, that had been built in the field to the north of the Farmhouse plot[79] was also registered.  

Shaws Farm Residency 1861-1936

Sometime between 1851 and 1861, the holding of Shaws Farm acquired a pair of farm worker’s cottage known as Shaws Cottages, constructed immediately south of Newchapel Road. In 1861 the two heads of households were Robert Mitchell and Benjamin Argent, although on the date of census the latter was not at home. Subsequently, further dwellings were built along the road to the east of Shaws Cottages and north of the Newchapel Road within what had been the lands held by Shaws Farm. As such, the tenancy of this growing group of cottages becomes too lengthy to detail here.

Following the death of David₄ Aynscombe in 1857, Richard J Jones was listed as the occupier in the 1861 census. The mostly likely candidate for Richard J Jones is Richard James Jones who was born in Croydon, Surrey, in about 1809, who in 1851, was living in the household of his 84-year old widowed mother Mary at 20, Church Street, Croydon. Also in the household were Richard’s brother William aged 45, sister Sarah Hatton aged 43 and her daughter Mary Hatton aged 3. The only slight anomaly is that Mary, William and Richard are all listed as builders! If this is the correct Richard J Jones, by 1861 he had moved to Shaws Farm being listed as a farmer of 166 acres, employing 4 men and 2 boys. Living with Richard Jones was his housekeeper, Frances Hoat, aged 27 and a carter named Edward Turner. Richard James Jones’s stay at Shaws Farm was fairly short lived as by 1863 he had been succeeded at Shaws Farm by Thomas Sanders and in 1871 was living at Earls Brook Road, Reigate, being listed as ‘formerly farmer (gentleman)’.

Thomas Sanders had succeeded Richard J Jones at Shaws Farm by March 1863, having moved from Newchapel House where he had been living in 1861, listed as a farmer of 100 acres, employing 5 men. Thomas Sanders had been born about 1836 at Burstow, Surrey, the son of William Sanders Sanders and his wife Marianne née Clement of Burstow Lodge. Thomas Sanders was educated at ColdHarbourRoyalAcademy, Gosport, Hampshire, a boy’s school teaching a wide range of subjects that had been established by Dr William Burney in 1791. The Academy was renowned for its meteorological observatory and facilities and primarily, although not exclusively, prepared ‘young gentlemen’ for officer entry into the Royal Navy or Army, with many wealthy families sending their sons there during the 19^th century.

Shortly after completing his education, Thomas Sanders married Sarah Anna Hooker on 20^th January 1858 at Burstow. Sarah had been born on 13^th August 1831, the daughter of John and Susannah Hooker of Worth in Sussex at the time of her birth and Wiltshire at the time of her marriage. Thomas and Sarah had three children: Fanny Kate born in 1858, Edith Mary born in 1860 and Olive Clara born in 1861.  Sadly Sarah died in March 1863, leaving Thomas with three young girls. On 14^th July 1864, Thomas married Jane Cooper at Islington, providing a new mother for his three young children. Jane had been born at Froggit Heath, Newchapel, Surrey, in about 1841, the daughter of John and Elizabeth Cooper; John being the local grocer.  Thomas and Jane had a further five children, including: Minnie born in 1865, Alice born in 1867, William Sanders born in 1868, Daisy born in 1869, and one other who had died by 1911 (name not yet established).

In 1871, Thomas Sanders, still living at Shaws Farm, was listed as a farmer of 393 acres, employing 8 labourers and 2 boys. As a point of interest, when compared to the size of the holding under Richard Jones in 1861, Shaws Farm appears to have acquired 227 extra acres; this could be accounted for if Thomas Sanders was also farming the lands of Gatehouse Farm at Newchapel (no farmer listed in residence in the 1871 census) and the southern lands of Snouts Farm at Blindley Heath, both properties that have historic connections with Shaws Farm.

Living in the Sanders household in 1871 was Thomas’s wife Jane, aged 30; three of his children: Olive, Minnie and William; and four servants: Mary Edwards, aged 28, employed as a nurse; Eliza Taylor, aged 17, working as a general servant; and John Budgen, aged 20, and George Strip, aged 16, working as indoor farm servants. By 1881 Thomas Sanders and his family had moved to Lyne House Farm, Lingfield, where he died in 1888, aged just 52. Thomas was succeeded at Shaws Farm by Jessie Russell by at least 1878, listed as a farmer of 165 acres, employing 3 men and 1 boy in 1881. As a point of interest, when compared with the size of the holding under Thomas Sanders in 1871, Shaws Farm had lost 228 acres and was back to size it had been 1861, give or take an acre, suggesting that Jessie Russell no longer farmed the lands of Gatehouse or Snouts Farm.

Jesse Russell who succeeded Thomas Sanders at Shaws Farm had been born Jesse Martin Russell in Maresfield, Sussex, in about 1836, the son of Thomas Russell, a farmer, and his wife Harriet née Martin. By 1851 the Russell family had moved to Blockfield, Lingfield, where Thomas farmed 208 acres, before moving to Puttenden Farm, Lingfield, sometime between 1851 and 1861, where Thomas farmed 395 acres until his death in 1886. On 10^th December 1973, Jesse Russell married Elizabeth Mary Duly, at Islington; Elizabeth having been born in Mayfield, Sussex, about 1847, the daughter of Daniel Duly and his wife Elizabeth née Richardson. Jesse and Elizabeth Russell had at least two children: Thomas Duly Russell born in Sevenoaks, Kent, in 1876 and Jessie Martin Russell born in Tandridge in 1878. This would suggest that Jesse Russell took on Shaws Farm around 1877.

In 1881, the Russell household at Shaws Farm included: Jesse, his wife Elizabeth and their 2 sons, Thomas and Jesse jnr., Elizabeth’s brother, David Duly, aged 27, who was visiting; Jane Richardson, aged 20 , a general servant; and Walter Walter, aged 20, and John Heasman, aged 13, both working as indoor farm servants. In 1891, the household consisted of the Russell family; Lydia Brooker, aged 20, working as a domestic general servant; and Alfred Gribble, aged 22, working as a domestic farm servant.

Jesse Russell remained at Shaws Farm until 1894 when he is recorded in the Surrey Mirror as retiring and selling off his live stock that included: ‘20 head of horn stock, including 5 dairy cows, seven 2yr old steers and heifers forward in flesh, 5 yearlings and 3 wean year calves’. Jesse Russell retired to the High Street, Mayfield, Sussex, and was succeeded at Shaws Farm by William Burgess who held the tenancy in 1899 but who had been succeeded by Henry Grover by 1901.

Henry George Grover had been born at Herne Hill, Brixton, Surrey, in 1878, the son of Henry John Grover, a wheelwright, and his wife Mary Ann née Dadd. By 1891 the Grover family were living at 352, Cold Harbour Lane, Lambeth, where Henry John had a tobacconist shop. In the spring of 1901, Henry George Grover married Bessie Naomi Fisk in Bromley, Kent. Bessie had been born in Balham, London, in 1880, the daughter of Charles Fisk, a green grocer, and his wife Susannah née Parker, who in 1901, were living at 331, Cold Harbour Lane, Lambeth. In 1901, Henry and Bessie Grover are recorded as residing at Shaws Farm; Henry listed as a poultry farmer. Henry and Bessie appear to have had just one child, Bertha Naomi born in 1902.

Henry Grover and his family probably left Shaws Farm in 1907 when it was put up for sale as part of the Felcourt Estate. It is around this date that it takes on the name Shawlands after the construction of the new pair of semi-detached dwellings to its east that was given the name Shaws Farm. Henry Grover was succeeded at what had been renamed Shawlands by Henry Bates by 1911 and one of the newly built dwellings called Shaws Farm was in the occupation of Charles Piper Pattenden. As a point of interest, Henry Grover and his family emigrated to New Zealand and were living in Palmerston, Manawatu-Wanganui in 1919 and Henry’s parents later emigrated to New Zealand to join him there.

As established above, Shaws Farm was put up for sale in 1907 and by 1911 Henry Bates had bought the freehold of what had been Shaws Farm, re-naming the property Shawlands. Henry Cornelius Bates had been born in Bethnal Green, London, on 8^th June 1849, the son of George Bates, a card maker, and his wife Cornelia Hope née Coleman. By 1871, Henry Bates had left home and was listed as a zinc worker, lodging with Edmond Ellis and his family at 36, Linton Street, Islington. On 30^th May 1871, Henry married Annie Elizabeth Fletcher at Brentford, London, the daughter of John Fletcher, a general dealer. Annie had been born in Brimington, Chesterfield, in about 1848, and uses the name Annie interchangeable with Elizabeth in the historical records. Henry and Annie had at least seven children including: Henry born in 1871, William born in 1872, Alice born in 1875, Herbert born about 1876, Annie born about 1878, Arthur born in 1879 and Daisy (sometimes Ethel Daisy) born about 1890.

In 1881, the Bates family were living at 9, Granby Street, Bethnal Green, George was working as a mat and basket dealer, with his wife Annie and son Henry listed as mat and basket makers. This son Henry was born in 1866 (five years before the previously mentioned son Henry born in 1871 of Henry) and does not appear in his father’s household after 1881. In 1891 the Bates family are living at 104, Bunshill Row, Holborn, London, Henry senior listed as a zinc worker and Henry junior (born 1871) as a zinc worker’s assistant. In 1901, the family address is given as 100, Bunshill Row, Henry senior now listed as a ‘Superintendant of Plumber Works’ (employer) and Henry junior (born 1871) listed as an iron plate worker.

Sometime between 1901 and 1911 Henry Bates’s wife Annie died and by 1911 (probably in 1907/8 at the time of the sale of Shaws and Hodgehorn Farm as part of the Felcourt Estate) he had moved to Shawlands with his daughter Daisy and a housekeeper called Mary Heasman, aged 54 from Hartfield, Sussex. Sadly Henry only enjoyed his new home for a year as he died on 12^th July 1912, leaving effects to the value of £13,504 3s 7d.  

By 1912, Shawlands was in the occupation of Rosalie Bicknell Babcock who had been born in Liverpool, on 9^th March 1861, the daughter of Benjamin Franklin Babcock III, an American cotton merchant with British nationality, and his second wife, American born Maria Augusta née Bicknell. Rosalie’s siblings include: Benjamin Franklin IV born in 1845, Frederic Augustus born in 1846, Marie Augusta born in 1854 and twin sister Lilia Ewing born in 1861; Benjamin and Frederic were born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, and the three girls were born in Liverpool. Rosalie’s half-siblings by her father and his first wife Phebe Ann née Swan, include: Jessie Huggins born in 1840 and Phebe Ann born in 1841; Jessie born in Scotland and Phebe born in Connecticut, a month before the death of their mother Phebe.

Rosalie never married and by 1901 was boarding at 15, Montague Place, London, and by 1911 she was living the Bedford Hotel, Southampton Row, Russell Square, London, recorded as a ‘gentlewoman’. A year later, Rosalie Bicknell Babcock had purchased and moved to Shawlands where she established a prizewinning herd of Jersey Cattle. Rosalie remained at Shawlands until her death on 11^th July 1931, leaving effects of over £47,000 and was succeeded at Shawlands by Edward Uwins Gillate.

Edward Uwins Gillate was born in Camberwell, London, in 1865, the son of Edward George Gillate, a commercial/brewer’s clerk later brewery manager, and his wife Caroline née Cox. Although registered at birth as Edward Uwins Gillate, he can also be found as Edward George Uwins Gillate. Edward’s siblings include: Arthur Henry born in 1866, Percy Frank born in 1868, Frederick William born in 1869, Walter George born in 1871, Algernon Charles born in 1877 and Leonard Ernest born in 1879. In 1871, Edward was living with his family at 19, Sutherland Square, Newington, London, and on 30^th July 1890 married Mary Edith Church at St Saviour’s church, RuskinPark, Lambeth. Mary had been born in 1864, the daughter of John Church, a National Schoolmaster, and his wife Harriet née Cox.  Sadly in 1864, John Church died and in 1871, the Church family were living at 7, Peter’s School House, Mary’s mother Harriet listed as a National School Teacher, probably assisted by her two eldest daughters, Harriet and Sarah, who were listed as assistant teachers. At the time of her marriage in 1890, Mary Edith Church was living at 18, LoughboroughPark, Lambeth. In 1891, Edward and Mary Gillate were living at 8, Luxor Street, Camberwell, London; Edward working as an Engineer’s Agent and Mary as an assistant teacher.

Edward and Mary had four children: Keith Edward born in 1891 (sadly died shortly after birth); Geoffrey Wyndham born in 1892 (who, having volunteered for War duty on 4^th November 1914 as a Private in the 9^th Battalion London Regiment, was sadly Killed in Action in Ypres, Belgium, on 29^th April 1915); Wilfred Reginald born in 1894; and Richard Francis born in 1897. Sadly Mary Gillate died in 1908 and on 24^th September 1909, Edward married Harriet Ann Gertrude Thompson at St Saviour’s church, RuskinPark, Lambeth. Harriet had been born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in about 1876. In 1911, the Gillate family were living at 57, Venner Road, Sydenham, Kent; Edward listed as a Representative (Organising) Machinery Users Association.  By 1916, the family were living at Eversden, Lancaster Road, SouthNorwood, Surrey, and by 1924 had moved to Beresford Manor, Plumpton, near Lewes, Sussex.

Edward Gillate, although not in residence at Shawlands, bred prize winning Cromarbry Shorthorn cattle there, as in 1934, the Kent and Sussex Courier reported that he raised £1,477 19/- in a sale of some of the ‘prizewinning herd’. In 1935, Edward and Harriet Gillate decided to move from Beresford Manor to Shawlands, making that their permanent residence. However, in 1936 Edward Gillate made the decision to give up farming at his 158 acre freehold property at Shawlands Farm. At the time he was also farming 48 acres of the abutting properties of Gatehouse Farm and Lowlands Farm at Newchapel, which he leased from the West Park Estate[80]. However in 1936, the West Park Estate was put up for auction on the death of its owner Alfred Palmer, so this may have prompted Edward’s decision to give up farming. By 1937 Edward Gillate had moved to 17, Birdhurst Gardens, Croydon, Surrey, where he died on 26^th July 1937.

Conclusion

This demonstrates how a pair of adjoining farms that were in common ownership in the late 16^th century, continued as such until the early 20^th century. The freeholders of the late 16^th to 18^th century were from families that had made their wealth as merchants in London, which is similar to Lowlands farm immediately northwest of the Newchapel junction that was purchased by the Feake family in 1611 who were Goldsmiths in London. This is potentially indicating another source of localised increased wealth in addition to the expanding Wealden iron industry as these individuals are investing in rural estates where they can reside a comfortable travel distance from London.

This very narrow part of Tandridge parish, which also formed the manorial boundaries, constrained the farms into long strips only a couple of fields wide and as such would have increased the time taken to transport livestock and crops in comparison to a nucleated farmstead. It is clear from the Felcourt Estate sales in 1907 and 1919 that they believed the land should be re-distributed between the farms. Thus significant portions of the ancient manorial and parish boundaries have been ploughed out in the early 20^th century as they no longer represented the boundaries of the farms.

However, there are still remnants of these historic farms surviving with some of the current field boundaries matching the 1762 survey as well as the north-south public footpath that follows the line of the access track between the farm houses that Ivan Margary identified as a prehistoric trackway. This footpath joins the London Road (A22) north of Gatehouse Farm, Newchapel, at the position of the gatehouse for Shaws depicted on the 1762 survey. Therefore walking this path southwards from the London Road recreates the historic approach to the dominant property of Shaws.

 

JIC/SJC 11/17