Felbridge & District History Group

This series of Handouts will look at the stories and lives of some of the builders and architects of Felbridge (not necessarily in chronological order) who developed what had been the ‘gentleman’s estate’ of Felbridge for over 200 years into the village of Felbridge as it had become by the mid 1960’s.  

The series has no intentions of covering the later re-development of properties and garden in-fill developments that began in 1964 with Felbridge Court off Copthorne Road, Tangle Oak off Mill Lane, Tithe Orchard off Rowplatt Lane and Warren Close off Crawley Down Road, or the more recent developments of Birch Grove and its extension, Cherry Way, Hamptons Mews, Hedgecourt Place, Housman Way/Springfield Gardens, Long Wall, Lyndhurst Farm Close, Mulberry Gate, the new development behind Shirley Cottage, and Eden Gardens off the Copthorne Road; Rowplatt Close and Twitten Lane off Rowplatt Lane; Coppice Vale/Thicket Rise, Walnut Grove, the new development behind Walnut Grove, Leybourne Place, McIver Close/Evelyn Gardens, Oak Farm Place off Crawley Down Road and the new development behind nos. 15-39, Crawley Down Road; and Arkendale/Whittington College, Felbridge Gate, Felwater Court/The Feld, The Glebe/Mackenzie House/Barrell House, Glendale, Old Brewery Court, Redgarth Court and Standen Close/The Moorings off the London Road. 

The first in this series of Handouts looked at W M Heselden & Sons Ltd who were building in the Felbridge area between 1910 and 1984 and who were responsible for the construction of the early phase of housing in Rowplatt Lane for architect Major T Stewart Inglis; Halsford Croft, Halsford Green and Halsford Lane at North End for Edgar Soames of the East Grinstead Tenants Ltd; The Limes Estate off the London Road with designs by Mark Heselden and Mr Gasson; much of Mill Lane and a number of dwellings on the Copthorne Road and Crawley Down Road, as well as further afield in East Grinstead, Crawley Down, Dormans Park, Dormansland, South Godstone and Groombridge. 

The second in the series of builders and architects of Felbridge, looked at the work of William Spurrell who was responsible for the developments of Wembury Park at Newchapel and Stream Park in Felbridge, as well as the architect Cecil A Sharp who was responsible for nos. 17 & 19 and 25 & 27, Crawley Down Road, Felbridge, and Retford, London Road, North End. 

The third in the series of builders and architects of Felbridge looked at the work of architect Harry C R Nightingale who drew up the designs for the Felbridge (St John) Institute in Felbridge and architects Bronek Katz, R Vaughan & Partners who re-developed the former Lowdell family home of Baldwins, and Foggo & Thomas who were responsible for the modernist design of The Space House, Pine Grove, North End. 

This, the fourth in the series of builders and architects of Felbridge, looks at the work of builder/architects Frank W Orchard, Gustave A Vaernewyck, Albert G Biggs and Kenneth E D Housman, four of several responsible for the development of Furnace Wood, Domewood, the Snow Hill area and Copthorne Road from the late 1920’s. 

The Development of a ‘gentleman’s estate’ into the village of Felbridge

The development of Felbridge as a village did not really begin until the estate of Felbridge, its mansion house and associated lands were sold off in a succession of auctions that began in 1911 [for further information see Handout, 1911 Sale of the Felbridge Estate, SJC 01/11].  

Until the late 17^th century, Felbridge was sparsely populated, consisting mostly of Common and fairy boggy, un-developed heath-land.  In 1588, George Evelyn of Kingston, Long Ditton and Wotton, purchased the manor of Godstone which included 70 acres of land in Felbridge being at the southern-most end of the manor of Godstone [for further information see Handout, Evelyn Family of Felbridge, JIC/SJC09/13].  By the late 17^th century a principal dwelling house had been constructed by George Evelyn of Nutfield, known as Heath Hatch, which was to form the nucleus of the Felbridge estate built up by his son Edward Evelyn from 1719 by his decision to make Felbridge his main residence [for further information see Handout, Evelyn Family of Felbridge, JIC/SJC09/13].  This decision cemented the early development of Felbridge as a ‘gentleman’s estate’ because the only residents to live here were those required in the day-to-day running of the estate.  As such residents’ dwellings were pushed out-of-sight of the main house and grounds with little opportunity of creating a traditional village ie: a group of houses arranged around a centre consisting of village green, church, school and public house etc. 

Felbridge was to remain a ‘gentleman’s estate’ under a succession of resident and non-resident lords from the early 18^th century until the beginning of the 20^th century.  Firstly under the Evelyn family and then the Gatty family after their purchase of the estate in 1865 [for further information see Handout, Dr. Charles Henry Gatty, SJC 11/03].  However, on the death of Charles Henry Gatty in 1903, the Felbridge estate was left to two non-resident male cousins and in 1910 the decision to sell the estate to Mrs Emma Harvey and the East Grinstead Estate Company (founded by her husband, property developer Percy Portway Harvey) set in motion the break-up of the Felbridge estate that began in 1911 [for further information see Handout, 1911 Sale of the Felbridge Estate, SJC 01/11].  The initial sale was of 1,350 acres (just part of the what was described as the ‘valuable Freehold Estate’ of Felbridge), presented in 43 Lots comprising of residential properties, farms and small holdings, licensed premises and a smithy and over 250 acres of land specifically described as ‘beautiful building sites’ and ‘land for development’.  

This was not the total extent of the Felbridge estate, which extended to over 2,000 acres in 1911, and it would take a succession of auctions into the early 1950’s to complete the break-up of the Felbridge estate, but it was the auction of 1911 that fundamentally changed Felbridge.  Since 1911, a succession of local builders have developed the ‘gentleman’s estate’ of the 17^th, 18^th and 19^th centuries into the mid 20^th century village of Felbridge, formulated by 1964. 

Frank W Orchard

Frank William Orchard was born at 78, Bride Street, Islington, on 16^th January 1890, the son of Henry Adolphus Orchard, a cabinet maker, and his wife Rhoda née Pope.  Frank’s siblings included: Clarissa Rhoda born in 1883, Thomas Henry born in 1884, Olive born in 1886, Frederick born in 1893, Dora born about 1897, Amanda born in 1900 and Ruby Hazel born about 1902; the first three siblings were born in Gloucester and the last four were born in Islington.  In 1901, the Orchard family were living at 29, Lesley Street, Islington, but by 1911 had moved back to Gloucester, living at 13, London Road; Frank working as a carpenter.  During World War I, Frank served as a Private, Reg. no. 356102, with the Royal Engineers before transferring to the 9^th Battalion Royal Tank Corps.  In 1923, Frank married Edith Sealey in Hammersmith, the couple settling at 2, Rivershall Street, Wandsworth. 

On 9^th May 1924, Frank purchased two pieces of land on Lake View Road, Furnace Wood, Felbridge, and in 1931 applied to build two bungalows.  One of these bungalows was called Oaklands but it has not yet been possible to determine the name or site of the other.  

Oaklands (later known as Oaklands Cottage and Glenwood), Lake View Road, Furnace Wood

The site of Oaklands was originally purchased as part of a 3-acre plot from the East Grinstead Estates Company Ltd. on 2^nd March 1920, by Thomas Henry Poplett, gent. of 82, Edith Grove, Chelsea, for the sum of £90.  On 28^th July 1921, Alfred Henry Roberts of 11, St Maur Road, Fulham, purchased part of Thomas Henry Poplett’s 3-acre freehold plot for the sum of £60, abutting the piece of land that he also purchased from East Grinstead Estates Company Ltd. on the same day for the sum of £30.  On 9^th May 1924, Alfred Henry Roberts conveyed his plot of land in Furnace Wood, amounting to 3 acres, with the right of way over the road abutting the rear of the land (part of the former roadway to Warren Furnace, [for further information see Handouts, Warren Furnace, SJC 01/00 and Gun Founding in Felbridge, JIC11/06]) to Frank William Orchard of 2, Rivershall Street, Wandsworth, a builder, for the sum of £200. 

In 1931, Frank Orchard, then of 226, King’s Road, Chelsea, applied for planning permission to build a bungalow and in October 1931, he constructed a wooden bungalow on his freehold plot of land in Furnace Wood, which he named Oaklands.  In November 1931, the bungalow was gifted to his wife Edith.  In December 1931, a mortgage was drawn up against the freehold property of Oaklands, which may imply that Frank was building the second bungalow and needed collateral.  However, Frank may have over-stretched his finances as in 1932 the couple were ordered by the mortgagees to put Oaklands up for sale; the sales particulars giving a description of the property: 

Occupying a rural position about ten minutes walk from the main road leading from East Grinstead to Copthorne where the bus service is available.  About 3 miles from the market town of East Grinstead.

FOR SALE BY ORDER OF THE MORTGAGEES

A nicely built bungalow having brick foundations and constructed of timber lined with asbestos, with asbestos tiled roof and brick chimneystack.

There are 2 rooms, each with fireplace, and measuring respectively 10ft x 12ft and 13ft 6ins x 12ft.

There is also a timber built shed fitted with floor and windows and measuring 16ft x 8ft.

The lands extend to about 3 acres and comprises of woodland, nearly an acre of which has been cleared and some fruit trees have been planted.

Water is obtained from a spring.

Price of Freehold £225.00

For further information apply to the Agents,

Turner, Rudge & Turner

It is interesting to note that the property had no mains water, which did not arrive in Furnace Wood until 1939, and no main drainage, not even the mention of an EC (Earth Closet)!   Also, the property, despite being made almost entirely of wood and asbestos, had been listed as a ‘bungalow’ in the Planning Register and not given the alternative  description of ‘bungalow (temporary)’; the latter description presumably attached to dwellings that were not expected to last and that would be replaced within a set time period.  On 13^th September 1932, the property was purchased by William Henry Pike of 1, Felcourt Cottages, Greater Felcourt, and his wife Marion Elizabeth née Reed, and their son, William Henry Reed Pike of Oaklands Cottage, Lingfield (see under Gustave A Vaernewyck). 

The little wooden bungalow would remain in the ownership of the Pike family until 1964, being lived in by William H R Pike’s mother-in-law Emmeline Jane Simpson until her death in 1952 and then used as additional space for the Pike family and temporary accommodation for William’s youngest daughter and her family who had a year-long sojourn in England from Spain in 1960/61.  After the Espinosa family returned to Spain, William rented the bungalow to the Gates family until its eventual sale to them in 1964 for the sum of £1,500 (together with the quarter acre plot of land on which it stood) to be paid over the course of fifteen years at £15 a week.  A solicitor did point out that this method of payment exceeded £1,500 but presumed it allowed for ‘interest’.  On the completion of purchase in 1979, Frederick Gates sold the property, by then re-named Glenwood (after their son Glen), for the sum of £24,000.  The little wooden bungalow was demolished and a Scandia-Hus was built on its site for Mr Fife of Mardi, Lake View Road. 

As for Frank and Ethel Orchard, in 1936 they were living 41, Henry Street, Hammersmith and had moved to 51, Southgate Street, Gloucester, a tobacconist shop (now Be Hair) by 1939; Frank listed as a carpenter and Edith as a Tobacconist – Shop Keeper.  They continued to live in Gloucester until their deaths, both in the spring of 1972. 

Known Orchard Builds in Felbridge

Lake View Road, Furnace Wood

Oaklands (later known as Oaklands Cottage, then Glenwood), 1931

Bungalow, 1931 

 

Gustave A Vaernewyck

Gustave August Vaernewyck (also known as Gustav/Gustaf and Gussy) was born in West Flanders, Belgium, on 17^th January 1886, the son of Adolf Vaernewyck, a farmer.  Little else is known about Gustave’s early life as few documents or records can be found.  However, it is known that by 1910 he was living in Weston-Super-Mare, Somerset, as a story about him appears in the Weston-Super-Mare Gazette relating to long distance running around the ‘Links’, presumably of Weston-Super-Mare’s Golf Club.  

On 5^th October 1912, Gustave married Beatrice Hotham (known as Trixie) at St Paul’s Church, Kewstoke, near Weston-Super-Mare, Somerset.  At the time of their marriage, Gustave was living in Weston-Super-Mare, working as a baker and the marriage certificate gives Beatrice as living at Kewstoke and her age as 38, eleven years Gustave’s senior.  However, Beatrice was actually born in Bath on 8^th April 1869 (in the 1939 Register she lists her birth year as 1877), the daughter of William Robert Hotham, a cutler, and his wife and Louisa Harriet née Melliar, making Beatrice actually 43 years old at the time of her marriage.  Gustave and Beatrice appear to have not had a family and it has been a widely held belief by former residents of Furnace Wood that Beatrice had connections to the stage, either as a singer or dancer.  There is a suggestion that Beatrice could sing and or dance as there are two newspaper reports citing her name as Trixie Hotham, one from 1906, where she is reported as singing two songs at a concert held in Saltford, Somerset, and the second where Trixie Hotham was part of an ‘entertainment’, which appears to have included singing and dancing, at the Bath Union Workhouse in 1908.  The second report states that the ‘entertainment’ was given by members of Messrs. Evan & Owen Ltd, implying that Trixie was an amateur performer at that date, as Evans & Owen Ltd, of Bartlett Street, Bath, was a store that sold carpets, clothing, linen, drapers and silk and it is known that Beatrice was a drapers assistant in 1901 living with a number of other draper’s assistants at 8-14, Alfred Street in Bath. 

By 1939, Gustave and Beatrice were living in the bungalow called Furnace Woods in Furnace Wood; Gustave listed as a builder.  However, by 1952, the Vaernewycks were living at The Nest, Lake View Road, when, sadly, on 1^st December 1952, Beatrice was found dead, aged 83, drowned in Furnace Lake.  The coroner’s report stated that ‘a decline in her health had possibly affected her mind’ as a note was found that ‘indicated her intention to take her own life’.  Beatrice Vaernewyck was buried at All Saint’s Church, Crawley Down on 5^th December 1952.  Two years later, in the winter of 1954, Gustave married Dorcas Hilda Smith, known as Hilda, who had been born in Hendon on 10^th May 1903, the daughter of Robert Smith, a gardener (own account) and his wife Dorcas Annie née Hart, who, in 1939, were living at Heathercot (now Green Hedges), Felcot Road, Furnace Wood. 

It is not known what brought Gustave Vaernewyck to Felbridge or what triggered the change in his career from baker to builder but he appears to have arrived by the mid 1920’s, at the time of the break-up and sale of Furnace Wood.  There is some evidence to suggest that Gustave Vaernewyck purchased (or at least developed) part of plot 11, a piece of land abutting the east side of Lake View Road, as divvied up in the break-up and sale of Furnace Wood [for further information see Handout, Furnace Wood, SJC 07/11]; this plot now encompasses the properties known as Birch Grove, Chenies (formerly The Nest) and Broomlands.  There is also some evidence to suggest that he purchased (or, again, developed) plot 17, a 5-acre plot of land abutting what are now known as Furnace Road and Felcot Road, in Furnace Wood.  This plot now encompasses the properties known as Furnace Woods and The Waldrons (once part of the now neighbouring plot known as Furnace Woods) on Furnace Road and Little Copse (once part of the now neighbouring plot known as Furnace Woods), Brackens, Heatherlands, Butterflies, Green Hollow and Crosby (once part of the Green Hollow plot) on Felcot Road.   

The first dwellings (sadly un-named) that can be identified as built in Sussex by Gustave Vaernewyck are recorded in the East Grinstead UDC Planning Register between 1926 and 1934 and include two bungalows in 1926 and a bungalow in 1927 and 1933, generically recorded as Furnace Wood; a bungalow in 1933 and two more bungalows and a garage in 1934 in Felcot Road, Furnace Wood; a bungalow in 1931 (later called Vulcan Springs, sadly demolished and replaced by a 2-storey dwelling in the 1970’s), an extension to and a garage for Penrose in 1933 and Oaklands  in 1937 (for further details see below), all three properties in Lake View Road, Furnace Wood.  Of the un-named dwelling built in Furnace Wood, one of these bungalows was called Furnace Woods, originally accessed off Felcot Road but now accessed off Furnace Road, and Ringwood (for further details see below) on Felcot Road.  

Other dwellings outside of Furnace Wood include a house for J Wickenden in Thornhill Road, Ashurst Wood, Sussex,  built c1931; a house called Holly Bush, 48, Copthorne Road (for further details see below), Rookery Cottage (now called Glenalmond) 50, Copthorne Road, built c1932/3; and Wildmeadow in Rowplatt Lane built c1932.  It is also possible that the dwelling called Tarka (later known as Littledown), 46, Copthorne Road (now the site of the terrace of three dwellings 46, 46a and 46b) was also constructed by Gustave Vaernewyck as it was built on the plot of land that he purchased in January 1932, on which he constructed Holly Bush and Rookery Cottage.  

There are also two other dwellings in Felbridge that stylistically are very similar to Holly Bush and Wildmeadow, these are 80, Copthorne Road (date of construction not yet established, but the property was extended sometime between 2001 and 2011); and Pool Cottage, Wire Mill Lane, built c1937 and occupied by Ralph and Margaret Ewing from 1938. 

Holly Bush, 48, Copthorne Road, Felbridge

On 25^th January 1932, Gustave Vaernewyck, builder, purchased from Percy Portway Harvey (Director of the East Grinstead Estate Company Ltd.), two plots of land, formerly part of the Felbridge Place Estate, on the north side of Copthorne Road.  These two plots formed part of a 3.6 acre-woodland, formerly a grove planted under the Evelyn family to embellish Felbridge Park [for further information see Handout, Garden Designers, Horticulturalists and Plants-men of Felbridge, Part 1: The Horticultural Legacy of the Evelyn and Gatty families, SJC 05/19].  Within a year, a house had been constructed on the eastern plot, named Holly Bush, which was sold to Joseph Davies Lelean and his wife Anne née Hakes, of Holy Bush, Standen, East Grinstead, for the sum of £820.  The deeds state that the Lelean’s bought the ‘centre portion’ implying, and backed up by the deed map, that the two plots had been split into three building plots by 1934.  On 15^th August 1934, Gustave Vaernewyck sold the plot and a dwelling known as Rookery Cottage (now Glenalmond, 50, Copthorne Road) on the western side of Holly Bush, to Thomas Barrett Field.

Holly Bush and Rookery Cottage are on the same building line but are different in appearance, with Rookery Cottage a chalet-style dwelling and Holly Bush a 2-storey house, although both have the mock-Tudor features that were popular at the time of construction.  Unfortunately, it has not yet been possible to determine when the eastern plot abutting Holly Bush was developed but the dwelling, Tarka, later known as Littledown, 46, Copthorne Road, is on a completely different building line, being more consistent with its eastern neighbour – Magnolia Cottage (later Roseways, now the solicitors, Hodkin & Co), at 42/44, Copthorne Road.  Unfortunately, the original dwelling on 46, Copthorne Road was demolished in 2009 and replaced by a terrace of three houses, now nos. 46, 46a and 46b, Copthorne Road and to date, no known images of Tarka has surfaced to determine its appearance, but from memory, it was similar in design to that of Magnolia Cottage.

As for Holly Bush, no doubt named after Holly Bush at Standen, it was originally built as a 2-storey dwelling, almost square in plan, with the lower half of the walls in brick and the top half rendered with mock-Tudor framing applied to the front, with a single arched brace at each corner on the rear of the house, under a tiled roof.  The windows were square leaded-light panes.  There was a recessed single door entry at the front, with double, half-glazed doors opening from the dining-room at the rear to the back garden, flanked by half-height windows.  There was a shallow 3-sided bay window on the sitting-room at the front.  All the rooms on both floors had brick-built cross-corner fireplaces with ceiling beams in at least one of the ground floor rooms.  The sitting-room and dining-room, plus the three bedrooms on the first floor were all fitted with a picture rail.  The property has since had an extension on its west side that includes a workshop, toilet and garage, with a small lobby on the front encompassing the recessed porch and front door. 

Wildmeadow, Rowplatt Lane, Felbridge

This house was built circa 1932 to exactly the same plan as Holly Bush and by 1933 was in the occupation of Miss Marjorie Froom and Elfrida Acklom [for further information See Handout, Harmans, SJC01/17], the property probably having been built for Marjorie Froom.

Oaklands, Lake View Road, Furnace Wood

Oaklands was built within the plot known as Oaklands (see above) in 1937, for William Henry Reed Pike, known as Harry.  The new bungalow was built as a chalet-style bungalow of simple rectangular shape.  Unusually, both the back and front doors were on the rear of the property with double, half-glazed doors opening from the dining-room at the front, onto the front garden, flanked by half-height windows.  The lower section of the walls were brick with the top section rendered under a tiled roof.  The ground floor had a small entrance hall off the full glazed ‘front door’.  Leading off the entrance hall, to the left was a bathroom and then a double bedroom.  Straight ahead was the door into dining-room, with double doors leading of this into the sitting-room in which there was a cross-corner, tiled fireplace.  Leading off the entrance hall to the right was a passage to a small kitchen.  On the outside wall of the passage was a pantry and in the passage wall opposite the pantry door was a serving hatch to the dining-room.  At the end of the passage was the kitchen that had a coke range, airing cupboard, sink and the ‘back door’.  Finally, returning to the entrance hall there was a set of stairs on the right leading to the first floor.  At the top of the stairs was a small landing leading to a bedroom either side of the landing.  The internal ground floor walls were plastered with a picture rail in the bedroom, dining-room and sitting-rooms, however, the first floor walls and eave ceilings were all fibre board. 

When built there was no mains water so water was pumped up to the house from a spring near the stream further down the garden via a ram pump that Harry had installed.  The water then had to pass through a filtration system before being deemed fit for human consumption.  Apparently, local residents would come with their yoke and buckets to collect the spring water before the installation of mains water in Furnace Wood in 1939. 

On construction of the chalet-style bungalow the name Oaklands was transferred to the new bungalow, the original little wooden bungalow (see above) adopting the name of Oaklands Cottage; both bungalows under the ownership of Harry Pike, with his mother-in-law living in Oaklands Cottage. 

In the early 1940’s a brick and glass lean-too was added to the rear of the Oaklands with a door in the southern end wall acting as a new back door.  The southern end of the extension was built to enlarge the kitchen space, housing, by the 1950’s, a propane gas cooker, mangle and fridge.  The original kitchen area was accessed up two steps through the old back door.  Leading north, off the kitchen extension, was a passage to a greenhouse that encompassed the original front door, with a half-glazed door leading through the northern end wall of the greenhouse to the back garden.  Along the passage, against the west wall, were the coke and coal bunkers for the cooking range and sitting-room fire. 

In March 1997, Oaklands was purchased from the estate of Vera Pike (Harry’s widow) by their grand-daughter and her husband and in 1999 was converted as a 2-storey dwelling, to plans drawn up by Ken Housman (see below). 

Ringwood, Felcot Road, Furnace Wood

The bungalow known as Ringwood was built to exactly the same design as that of Oaklands.  However, after the death of its last occupant, Mrs Dyke, the site of Ringwood was acquired by the owners of Autumn (formerly Autumn Cottage), the abutting property to the east.  It was the owners of Autumn that had the bungalow demolished and incorporated the site of Ringwood and its grounds as part of the garden of Autumn.  In 2019/20, the site of Ringwood and the dwelling known as Autumn, along with all its grounds, were redeveloped as 2 new dwellings; the site of Ringwood being redeveloped by Scandia–Hus as the free standing garage of a substantial 2-storey dwelling known as Faodial.    

Gustave Auguste Vaernewyck died on 7^th October 1965, aged 79, at Queen Victoria Hospital, from Furnace Woods, Furnace Wood, leaving effects of £9,340 to widow Dorcas Hilda Vaernewyck.  Hilda appears to have moved away from the area as she died on 5^th March 1990, aged 86, at Penberthy House, 111, MountWise, Newquay, Cornwall.   

Known Vaernewyck Builds in Felbridge

Furnace Wood
Bungalow (temporary) for Mrs Pyatt, 1926
Bungalow for Mrs E J Crickmay, c1928
Felcot Road
Wooden bungalow on the site of April Cottage, later replaced by Kenneth E D Housman in 1950’s (see below)
Lake View Road
Bungalow for Mrs E J Crickmay, c1930/32
Bungalow for Mr E Crickmay, 1934
Copthorne Road
Tarka (later known as Littledown), no. 46, (demolished c2009, now the site of nos. 46, 46a & 46b)
No. 86 (extended between 2001 and 2010)
Wiremill Lane
Pool Cottage, c1937

Albert G Biggs

Albert George Biggs (known as Bert or Bertie) was born in Brixton, on 31^st January 1907, the son of Albert Golding Biggs, a builder’s labourer, and his wife Ellen née Davis.  Albert George’s siblings included: Isaac Golding born in 1904, Ellen Maud born in 1908, Irene born in 1910, Rose Florence Golding born in 1914 and Reuben born in 1922; Isaac was born in Sutton, Ellen and Irene in Battersea and Rose and Reuben in Croydon.  In 1911, the Biggs family were living at 9, Newcomen Road, Battersea, but in 1915, when Albert senior joined the Royal Engineers (having previously served 11 years with the Royal Hampshire Regiment), the family was living at 2, Grove Terrace, Grove Road, Mitcham, Surrey.  By 1920, the family had moved to 6, Grove Terrace, Grove Road, Mitcham and by 1934 to 5, Meopham Road, Mitcham.  

In 1936, Albert George married Ethel Strudwick and by 1939 the couple were living at The Nest, Lake View Road, Furnace Wood; Albert recorded as a Bricklayer, Foreman.  Ethel had been born in Croydon on 6^th December 1908, the daughter of Allen Strudwick [for further information see Handouts, Poultry Farming in Felbridge, SJC 05/11 and Stone Cottage, JIC/SJC 07/12] and his second wife Alice Rosina Ellen née Marshall.  In 1911, the Strudwick family were living at 8, Grove Terrace, Grove Road, Mitcham and were near neighbours of the Biggs family but in 1924, the Strudwick family moved to Wards Farm, London Road, Felbridge, and by 1940, Albert’s father Albert Golding Biggs (at the time of his death) was living at Lynton, Felcot Road, Furnace Wood, being buried at St John’s Church on 26^th April 1940. 

Like Gustave Vaernewyck, Albert Biggs was responsible for the development, or in some cases, re-development, of several dwellings in Furnace Wood, including Fern Dene (later known as Ferndene) on Lake View Road and possibly The Nest on Lake View Road and Pinewood on Felcot Road, although his work was not solely confined to Furnace Wood.  It is also known that Albert worked closely with Ken Housman (see below) from 1948 and as such it has proved neigh-on impossible to determine which building work Albert was solely responsible for.  To date the only dwelling that can be tentatively attributed solely to Albert Biggs was Fern Dene (see below).  However, there are numerous dwellings that can be identified as being by Albert Biggs and Ken Housman working together and these will follow at the end of the section on Ken Housman (see below). 

Fern Dene, Lake View Road, Furnace Wood

Fern Dene (now known as Ferndene), the original property on the site had been built by 1930 when it was in the occupation of Henry Coventry, followed by William George and Dora May Darling, who moved to The Bungalow, Copthorne Road, Felbridge, c1936 and Fern Dene was taken over by George and Doris Miller.  By 1937, the property had been bought by Frederick and Ethel Charlesworth [for further information see Handouts, Lake View Drama Club, SJC 01/02 and Shopping in Felbridge, Pt. 2, SJC 05/12] who had the old wooden bungalow replaced with a brick-built one.  It is thought that Albert Biggs was the builder employed but unfortunately the exact date of re-build has not yet been established so it is not known whether it was before or after the Biggs/Housman collaboration.  However, from local memories, it is believed that was built just after the end of the World War II and as such it is highly likely to have been built solely by Albert Biggs as Ken Housman, with whom he would later work, did not join the business until 1948. 

Fern Dene incorporated many of the features that became synonymous with early Biggs/Housman builds.  Generally ‘cottagey’ style, single storey dwellings with mock timber-framing and half-hipped roofs.  In the case of Fern Dene, the two front facing wings had half-hipped roofs.  The walls had an exposed brick plinth whilst the walls above were white render with slender mock timber-framing.  The roof was tiled and the windows were leaded-lights.  Entrance into the dwelling was via a solid wooden door located in the wall of the right face-wing with its junction to the rear cross-wing.  This led into a passage with a bathroom and a bedroom leading off to the right, forming the right face-wing.  Turning left at the entrance hall was a passage leading to a dining-room and a sitting room, the kitchen was off the dining room and the second bedroom was accessed through the sitting room forming the left face-wing.  The ceiling in at least the sitting-room was heavily beamed and there was also a large, brick-built ingle-nook fireplace with a wooden bressumer and smaller brick hearth within it.  The internal walls also had applied mock timber-framing. 

Sadly the property was purchased for re-development in 2016 and the developer removed the asbestos roof of the adjacent garage and the roof tiles off the house in an effort to discourage the return of a former bat population.  Thus the property stood empty and open to the elements until 2020 when it was again sold for redevelopment, being demolished in April 2020 and replaced by a long, brick-built, ranch-style bungalow. 

Furnace Wood locals generally recall Albert and Ethel Biggs living at The Nest, Lake View Road.  However, there is some confusion with regards to where they originally set up home in Furnace Wood as in 1939 they were recorded as living at The Nest in Lake View Road, but in 1952, at the time of Beatrice Vaernewyck’s death, the Vaernewycks were recorded as living at The Nest.  However, the Bigg’s had definitely returned to the Nest by the late 1950’s, with Auguste Vaernewyck and his new wife living at Furnace Woods, Furnace Road.  With regards to The Nest, the property was a brick-built bungalow although earlier references record it as a wooden bungalow implying that it had been re-built, but by which builder is unclear.  Mrs Biggs kept a couple of pigs and a few chickens and she used a hand-cart to collect peelings for the pigs and deliver eggs to her neighbours in Furnace Wood during World War II.  She always dressed in a very manly way for the era, wearing corduroy trousers, a shirt and a knitted fair-isle slip-over in the summer a long sleeved v-neck jumper when it got colder and a beret; her wispy grey hair fastened in a bun or sausage plait. 

Ethel Biggs died from The Nest in 1974, aged 67, and Albert Biggs died from the Brighton area in 1977, aged 70. 

Known Biggs builds in Felbridge 

Lake View Road, Furnace Wood

Fern Dene (later known as Ferndene), cottage-style bungalow replacing an earlier wooden bungalow, c1946 (re-built in 2020/21)

Possible Biggs builds in Felbridge 

Kenneth E D Housman

Kenneth Ernest Deacon Housman (known as Ken) was born in Hendon, on 11^th August 1925, the son of William Deacon Houseman, a fishmonger (in partnership with his brother Arthur), and his wife Ethel Frances Cownie née Arthur.  Ethel had previously been married to Stanley George Cownie, a Flying instructor, who was sadly killed in a flying accident on 13^th October 1917 and never knew their son Stanley George Arthur Cownie, born 7^th May 1918.  Ken, besides having a half-brother Stanley, also had a sister called Josephine (known as Jose) who was born in 1933.  In 1937, the Housman family moved to their ‘country residence’ of April Cottage, Felcot Road, Furnace Wood (originally built by Gustave A Vaernewyck (see above)) leaving Arthur to occupy and run the fishmonger shop at 428, Finchley Road, Cricklewood.  However, in August 1939, the Housman family returned to their London home at 145, Colindeep Lane, Hendon.  Ken talks up the story ‘When my father couldn’t get petrol to get to work at his fishmongers, there was no other option but for me to go to work for Hanley Page the aircraft people.  I started work at Hanley Page as an office boy at the age of 14 and it was here that I first met Harry Pike of Oaklands, Furnace Wood [see above].  I stayed there [Handley Page] until I joined the RAF, aged 17½ in 1944, and attended Hendon Technical College where I completed my PACT [Pre-Aircrew Training Course] as a pilot navigator on a bomber.  However, on completing my training I saw very little active service before the end of the War in 1945.  After the end of the war, I joined ground crew and left in 1947, moving back to Furnace Wood where I tried to make a living off the land, selling eggs to Stonegate Egg Suppliers and fresh fruit and vegetables sold through the local Felbridge Village Produce Association that held a weekly market at the St John’s (Felbridge) Institute [for further information see Handout, The Horticultural Society, SJC 09/11]’.  In 1948, Ken went to work for Albert Biggs (see above) one of several local builders who was building properties in Felbridge.  Initially Ken started by doing the odd plan, then some bricklaying and then the office work.  Ken recalls ‘Biggs never did any paperwork which is why he went bankrupt; although he was a very good builder he had no clue about the cost of things’.  Thus in 1951, Ken, by then a skilled draughtsman and builder, took over the company based in Furnace Wood, and put it back on a business-like footing. 

In 1955, Ken married Betty Frances Thomas of Brook Nook at the bottom end of Lake View Road.  Initially they lived at Bechers (a Housman build (see below)) in Felcot Road before moving, in 1958, to Felcot Farm, Felcot Road [for further information see Handout, Felcot Farm, JIC/SJC 04/08].  It was from Felcot Farm that Ken continued his building career in the Felbridge area for the next forty-eight years. 

Housman New Builds

Early Biggs/Housman / Housman/Biggs dwelling are of a particular style being generally a ‘cottagey’, single storey bungalow, with mock timber-framing and, in some cases, the use of cedar cladding, particularly on gable ends.  There were at least eight bungalows of this style built in Furnace Wood including: Pinewood and Bechers in Felcot Road; Cobwebs (formerly known as Brig-O-Turk) and Ramblers in Chesterfield Close; and Wedgewood, Ridgewood and Ferndene (probably just a Biggs build (see above)) in Lake View Road; some replacing older wooden bungalows.  Other Housman/Biggs dwellings of this early style can be found in Domewood although the names of these dwellings are not known.  

Bechers, Felcot Road, Furnace Wood

This property was built in the early to mid 1950’s within the grounds of Crickwood (now known as Owls Wood) and was home to Ken and his wife Betty before they moved to Felcot Farm.  Crickwood had been bought by Ken’s grandparents Joseph Arthur, a railway engine driver, and his wife Susan Frances née Bailey, as their ‘place in the country’ and now encompasses Bechers, Owls Wood, Pinewood and Westwoods.  The plot is also adjacent to April Cottage, which was the Housman family’s ‘place in the country’ (see below).

Bechers was built as an ‘L’ shaped, 2-bedroom bungalow, incorporating all the features synonymous with early Housman/Biggs builds, including a half-hipped roof on the front facing wing with tile hanging below to the height of the walls.  In the sales particulars in 1999 it was described as a ‘most attractive and highly individual detached “cottage-style” bungalow with elevations of brick, part rendered and whitened with timber panels, having mainly [replacement] leaded-light effect white aluminium double glazed windows, standing beneath a predominately pitched and tiled roof with interesting eyebrow window to the front’.  The original build had leaded-light windows but in wooden frames.   

The same design, but with differing positions for the eye-brow window, was also used for the original Housman builds of Ramblers and Cobwebs (formerly Brig-O-Turk) in Chesterfield Close and Wedgewood and Ridgewood on Lake View Road, Furnace Wood.  Bechers, Ramblers, Cobwebs and Wedgewood have now all been extended and sadly, Ridgewood was demolished and the site was re-developed as a 2-storey dwelling in 2019/20. 

Internal features for all five dwellings included beamed ceilings, brick-built fire surround with quarry tiled hearth and a double, full-length leaded-light door opening from the sitting-room onto the rear garden. 

April Cottage, Felcot Road, Furnace Wood

April Cottage was the property owned by Ken’s parents, William and Ethel Housman (see above).  Before World War II, the original wooden-built bungalow, built by Gustave A Vaernewyck (see above), was their ‘country home’ but after the war, the Housmans made it their permanent residence when they moved from Hendon.  Eventually the wooden dwelling was re-built by Ken as a rendered, brick-built bungalow under a pan-tile roof which was later extended and an impressive stone chimney stack was added to the front of the bungalow.  However, in 2018/19, April Cottage was redeveloped as a 2-storey dwelling. 

Birch Grove, Lake View Road, Furnace Wood

The dwelling known as Birch Grove was originally built as a single storey wooden bungalow with a veranda across the front of the property.  In 1939, the dwelling was in the occupation of Winifred Hayes, by which time some local residents’ memories re-call Birch Grove as being a brick-built bungalow, although others still recall it as a wooden bungalow.  By the 1950’s, the property was home to the Palmer family and by the mid 1960’s it was home to the Godwin family.  In the early 1970’s Ken Housman was asked to demolish the property and build the current dwelling that still bears the name - Birch Grove.    

This predominately cube-like house, slightly oriental in appearance, clad in light-coloured boarding under a shallow-pitch, tiled roof, with attached single-storey garage and heated, covered swimming pool, was built as stop-over accommodation for travelling Japanese businessmen.  However, this venture was short lived and by the late 1970’s the property was put up for sale as a family home, all-be-it with very small bedrooms and a very luxurious bathroom with gold fittings and a midnight blue, circular bath.  The property was purchased by Keith and Susie Farquhar who had the bath removed and sunk into a corner of the garden, using it as a duck pond for many years. 

Housman Renovation/Extension Work

Felcot Farm, Furnace Wood

One of the first buildings to receive some of the Housman renovation work was Felcot Farm, the property that Ken and his wife moved to in 1958.  The house had originally been constructed c1500 [for further information see Handout, Felcot Farm, JIC/SJC 04/08] and had evolved and been added to over the centuries.  When the Housman’s purchased the property it had been uninhabited for ten months and the huge end chimney stack was in need of immediate attention.  The area of the house beneath the first-floor window was also in need of some attention before the wall gave way and, eventually, in the 1970’s, the property was completely re-roofed. 

Safari, Lake View Road, Furnace Wood

The site of Safari formed part of a 3-acre plot of land purchased by Francis L Agate in c1920.  The plot was eventually developed as Danecroft (originally built by Ken as a bungalow before conversion as a 2-storey dwelling), Linden, Westbrook (formerly a bungalow called Roma), Edgeworth and Safari (formerly The Chestnuts).  

In 1925, a temporary bungalow called The Chestnuts was constructed on the site of Safari for Mr H Cooper by Mr J Cooper and in 1939 this was in the occupation of William Cooper, the local shoe mender.  However, the temporary bungalow had been re-built in brick by the early 1960’s and the bungalow was later converted as a 2-storey dwelling. When the Weaver family purchased the property the dwelling was again extended with an addition of a 2-storey extension to the east side of the property, with a detached garage and inspection pit below, at the front on this side of the dwelling.  It was at this date that the property became known as Safari.  Since then further alterations and extensions (not by Ken) have been carried out that include joining the garage at the front to the main body of the property to form a dining-room; an extension to the lounge at the back of the property on the east side, initially as a single storey but a first floor was later added, and finally a garden room was added to the lounge extension with a first-floor bathroom above. 

Oaklands, Lake View Road, Lake View Road, Furnace Wood

In 1999, Ken Housman was asked to supply the drawings for an extension to and remodelling of Oaklands in Lake View Road, a bungalow originally built by Gustave Vaernewyck in 1937 (see above).  A 2-storey extension was added to the back of the east side of the dwelling, creating a utility room and kitchen on the ground floor with bedroom and an en-suite bathroom and passageway above.  A new entrance was created in the east side wall, incorporating what had been the bathroom with the original entrance hall; the bathroom being relocated to part of the landing space on the first floor.  The original kitchen area on the west side of the dwelling was knocked through into the sitting-room to create a larger lounge and the pantry was converted into a downstairs toilet.  The main downstairs bedroom became a study and the dining-room remained un-changed apart from having the double, full length doors to the front garden removed, partially bricked up and a window inserted in their place.  On the first floor, the bedroom on the west side of the dwelling remained unchanged but on the east side, the bedroom and the extra space created by the removal of the eave when the back wing was added enabled the area to be made into two bedrooms. 

Outside, a detached double garage was added to the east side of the house to centralise the property on its plot as this had never been rectified after the site of the original wooden bungalow, built on the plot by Frank W Orchard in 1931 (see above) was sold and separated from the Oaklands plot in 1964.  Also, a new driveway was installed, although the old entrance from Lake View Road had to be maintained in accordance with the wishes of the Mid Sussex District Council. 

Oaklands was the last building that Ken Housman worked on before he officially retired, after 51 years in the building trade. 

White Duchess Hotel (formerly Felbridge Mansion House), London Road, Felbridge

In about 1948, Chambré Brabizon Ponsonby (known locally as Col. Ponsonby) purchased the Felbridge Place Hotel (formerly the mansion house for Felbridge Park), renaming it as The White Duchess Hotel [for further information see Handout, Easting and Drinking Establishments of Felbridge, Pt. 2, SJC/JIC 03/08] (now the site of Whittington College).  The White Duchess Hotel continued to operate until 1955 when it closed and the property was sold to Mr Roff (no further information) who had the former mansion house and the old stable block/coach-house converted into apartments.  Ken Housman was one of the builders employed for the conversion and within a year the White Duchess Hotel had been fully converted into six flats, with a further three flats in the old stable block/coach house. 

Woodcock and Little Woodcock, Woodcock Hill, Felbridge

One of the conversion builds that Albert Biggs and Ken Housman both worked on was for Nancy McIver when she decided to convert her house, Woodcock, into flats for elderly residents of Felbridge and establish the Woodcock Housing Association in 1969, together with the conversion of Little Woodcock as additional flats for the Housing Association in 1971 [for further information see Handout, Nancy McIver and Woodcock, JIC/SJC 05/15]. 

Llanberis Farm, Crawley Down Road, Felbridge

In 1985, Llanberis Farm [for further information see Handout, Llanberis Farm, SJC 01/07] was purchased by Antony John Willoughby Jones and his wife Marion née Pike (formerly of Oaklands, Lake View Road, Furnace Wood).  At the time of purchase the property had changed very little since its construction in 1913, except for a small ground floor extension that had been added to the north side of the property, enlarging the kitchen area, and a bathroom and toilet that had been installed at the rear of the entrance hall under the staircase.  Shortly after the purchase, Ken was asked to produce plans for a 2-storey extension to the property that he and his team went on to construct in 1986.  The building works added an extension on the south side of the house, enlarging the lounge and drawing-room (the latter becoming a dining-room) and providing an additional bedroom and a bathroom on the first floor. 

Effingham Park, Snow Hill

Ken recalled that he and his team of builders did regular maintenance work on the property when it was a private house before it was sold and converted, first as the Head Offices for the Trojan Ltd. motor company in the early 1970’s and then as the Effingham Park Hotel in 1988 [for further information see Handout, Eating and Drinking Establishments of Felbridge, Pt. 5, SJC 03/11]. 

The Old House (formerly known as Brook Cottage), Effingham Road, Copthorne

Ken never actually detailed the work he carried out on The Old House, although he did say ‘it is not as old as it looks’ and later research into the property has revealed that it was built in the early 20^th century by Blunden Shadbolt, a local architect/builder who used old materials and techniques [for further information see Handout, Blunden Shadbolt, JIC/SJC 09/15]. 

Alongside his building work, Ken also dedicated his life to serving the Felbridge community.  In 1968, he took up a position on the Felbridge Parish Council and went on to serve 34 years before retiring in 2002.  During his time on the Parish Council, Ken was Chairman on six occasions and was the Council’s representative on the Board of Governors for FelbridgeSchool, the Beef and Faggot Charity, the Bletchley Rural Charity and the Public Sand and Gravel Pit Charity.  He also served on the Felbridge Village Hall committee and was President of Felbridge branch of the St John Ambulance.  A testament to Ken’s design skills can be seen in the Village Sign that stands on the Felbridge Village Green, which he designed in 1984.  This design has also been used for the Badge of Office worn by the Chairman of Felbridge Parish Council, and a mug that the Parish Council commissioned to celebrate the New Millennium [for further information see Handout Civil Parish of Felbridge, SJC 03/03].  

Ken retired from building works, aged 70 in 1995, although he produced one more set of building plans in 1999.  However, he continued his service to the Felbridge community until 2002 when ill-health caused him to resign his position on the Felbridge Parish Council.  Ken’s wife Betty died in 2001 and Ken died, aged 76, on 4^th April 2003.  In remembrance of and to honour the achievements of Ken Housman, the Felbridge Parish Council had a bench placed on the Felbridge Village Green and a plaque was attached to the Felbridge Village Sign, also a new housing development off Copthorne Road was named Housman Way after him.

Known Housman/Biggs Builds

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